The rationale for a national prospective cohort study of environmental exposure and childhood development.

Evidence is growing that pre- and perinatal exposures and factors play a role in not only childhood but adulthood disorders. Therefore, there is a compelling need to undertake a national cohort study to evaluate the effects of such factors, ideally through adult life. Several recent developments, including advancements in computer technology, the management, storage, and analysis of biological specimens, and the rapid growth of genetic markers, facilitate the evaluation of the influence of environmental exposures on the subsequent risk of developmental abnormalities and disease. The rationale behind the establishment of such a cohort is discussed.

[1]  B. Eskenazi,et al.  Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects. , 1999, Environmental health perspectives.

[2]  J. Potter,et al.  Congenital abnormalities in children with acute leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. , 1998, The Journal of pediatrics.

[3]  G. Berglund,et al.  Quality control program for storage of biologically banked blood specimens in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. , 1998, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[4]  C Cox,et al.  Effects of prenatal and postnatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption on neurodevelopment: outcomes at 66 months of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study. , 1998, JAMA.

[5]  L. Paulozzi,et al.  Hypospadias trends in two US surveillance systems. , 1998, Pediatrics.

[6]  P. Lioy,et al.  Accumulation of chlorpyrifos on residential surfaces and toys accessible to children. , 1998, Environmental health perspectives.

[7]  Roberta F. White,et al.  Cognitive deficit in 7-year-old children with prenatal exposure to methylmercury. , 1997, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[8]  L. Paulozzi,et al.  Hypospadias Trends in Two US Surveillance Systems , 1997 .

[9]  K. Nuttall,et al.  Effect of storage on serum vitamin B12 and folate stability. , 1997, Annals of clinical and laboratory science.

[10]  Linda-Jo Schierow.  Pesticide Policy Issues , 1996 .

[11]  N Paneth,et al.  Early nutritional origins of hypertension: a hypothesis still lacking support. , 1996, Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension.

[12]  J. Jacobson,et al.  Intellectual impairment in children exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls in utero. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[13]  S. Preston‐Martin,et al.  Maternal consumption of cured meats and vitamins in relation to pediatric brain tumors. , 1996, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[14]  P. Rodier,et al.  Embryological origin for autism: Developmental anomalies of the cranial nerve motor nuclei , 1996, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[15]  J. Sayre.  Bone lead levels and delinquent behavior. , 1996, JAMA.

[16]  S. Schantz.  Developmental neurotoxicity of PCBs in humans: what do we know and where do we go from here? , 1996, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[17]  C. Koopman‐Esseboom,et al.  Effects of polychlorinated biphenyl/dioxin exposure and feeding type on infants' mental and psychomotor development. , 1996, Pediatrics.

[18]  P. McKeigue,et al.  Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men , 1996, BMJ.

[19]  R. Griffey,et al.  Ionizing Radiation , 2021, Oncologic Emergency Medicine.

[20]  S. Soldin,et al.  Stability of Twenty-Five Analytes in Human Serum at 22d`C, 4d`C, and -20d`C , 1995 .

[21]  Elizabeth Hatch,et al.  Diethylstilbestrol Revisited: A Review of the Long-Term Health Effects , 1995, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[22]  M. Susser,et al.  Early origin of coronary heart disease (the “Barker hypothesis”) , 1995, BMJ.

[23]  T. Meade,et al.  Fetal and infant growth and cardiovascular risk factors in women , 1995, BMJ.

[24]  J. Fraumeni,et al.  Recent Cancer Trends in the United States , 1995 .

[25]  D. L. Rourke,et al.  How children spend their time: a sample survey for use in exposure and risk assessments. , 1994, Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis.

[26]  D. Barker.  Mothers, Babies and Disease in Later Life , 1994 .

[27]  P. Decouflé,et al.  Prevalence and health impact of developmental disabilities in US children. , 1994, Pediatrics.

[28]  R H Lapinski,et al.  Prevalence and natural history of cryptorchidism. , 1993, Pediatrics.

[29]  M. Tsuang,et al.  Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis. A prospective study. , 1993, Archives of general psychiatry.

[30]  Division on Earth.  Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children , 1993 .

[31]  M. Hepburn.  Drug use in pregnancy. , 1993, British journal of hospital medicine.

[32]  P. Shrout,et al.  Independent effects of lead exposure and iron deficiency anemia on developmental outcome at age 2 years. , 1992, The Journal of pediatrics.

[33]  Y. L. Guo,et al.  COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS , 1998 .

[34]  T. Jansson,et al.  Low birth weight is associated with elevated adult blood pressure in the chronically catheterized guinea-pig. , 1992, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[35]  D. Kuh,et al.  Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow up of a national birth cohort. , 1992, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[36]  C. Remacle,et al.  Islet Function in Offspring of Mothers on Low-Protein Diet During Gestation , 1991, Diabetes.

[37]  P. Succop,et al.  Lead exposure and the cognitive development of urban preschool children: the Cincinnati Lead Study cohort at age 4 years. , 1991, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[38]  D. Barker,et al.  WEIGHT IN INFANCY AND DEATH FROM ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE , 1989, The Lancet.

[39]  R. Christianson,et al.  The California Child Health and Development Studies of the School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley. , 1988, Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology.

[40]  N. Bossert,et al.  Disruption of embryonic and fetal development due to preimplantation chemical insults: a critical review. , 1987, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[41]  C Waternaux,et al.  Longitudinal analyses of prenatal and postnatal lead exposure and early cognitive development. , 1987, The New England journal of medicine.

[42]  C. Osmond,et al.  INFANT MORTALITY, CHILDHOOD NUTRITION, AND ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE IN ENGLAND AND WALES , 1986, The Lancet.

[43]  A. Warner.  Drug use in the neonate: interrelationships of pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and biochemical maturity. , 1986, Clinical chemistry.

[44]  M. Werler,et al.  Smoking and pregnancy. , 1985, Teratology.

[45]  W. Blattner,et al.  Testicular cancer risk among young men: role of cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia. , 1985, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[46]  H. Barr,et al.  Comparison of drinking and smoking patterns during pregnancy over a six-year interval. , 1983, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[47]  Mednick Sa,et al.  Handbook of Longitudinal Research , 1981 .

[48]  J. Kline,et al.  SUMMARY OF THE WORKSHOP ON PERINATAL AND POSTNATAL DEFECTS AND NEUROLOGIC ABNORMALITIES FROM CHEMICAL EXPOSURES , 1979, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[49]  A. Forsdahl,et al.  Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? , 1977, International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptation.

[50]  Atsuko Yamaguchi,et al.  Epidemiologic study on Yusho, a Poisoning Caused by Ingestion of Rice Oil Contaminated with a Commercial Brand of Polychlorinated Biphenyls* , 1972, Environmental health perspectives.

[51]  T Takeuchi,et al.  FETAL MINAMATA DISEASE: A NEUROPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF TWO CASES OF INTRAUTERINE INTOXICATION BY A METHYL MERCURY COMPOUND , 1965, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[52]  R. Greene,et al.  THALIDOMIDE AND CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES , 1962 .

[53]  Lactation , 1941 .

[54]  P G Mulder,et al.  Effects of environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins on cognitive abilities in Dutch children at 42 months of age. , 1999, The Journal of pediatrics.

[55]  Morie M. Higgins Peter M. Jenkins,et al.  Update: blood lead levels--United States, 1991-1994. , 1997, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[56]  M. Longnecker,et al.  The human health effects of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and PCBS (polychlorinated biphenyls) and an overview of organochlorines in public health. , 1997, Annual review of public health.

[57]  E. Skinner,et al.  Self-sufficiency at ages 27 to 33 years: factors present between birth and 18 years that predict educational attainment among children born to inner-city families. , 1997, Pediatrics.

[58]  M T Landi,et al.  Sample collection, processing and storage. , 1997, IARC scientific publications.

[59]  Asthma mortality and hospitalization among children and young adults--United States, 1980-1993. , 1996, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[60]  J. Golding.  Children of the Nineties: A resource for assessing the magnitude of long-term effects of prenatal, perinatal and subsequent events , 1996 .

[61]  K. Joseph,et al.  Review of the evidence on fetal and early childhood antecedents of adult chronic disease. , 1996, Epidemiologic reviews.

[62]  P. F. Adams,et al.  Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1994. , 1995, Vital and health statistics. Series 10, Data from the National Health Survey.

[63]  S. Soldin,et al.  Stability of twenty-five analytes in human serum at 22 degrees C, 4 degrees C, and -20 degrees C. , 1995, Pediatric pathology & laboratory medicine : journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association.

[64]  C. Cox,et al.  Analysis of data on delayed development from the 1971-72 outbreak of methylmercury poisoning in Iraq: assessment of influential points. , 1995, Neurotoxicology.

[65]  R. Richardson,et al.  Assessment of the neurotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos relative to other organophosphorus compounds: a critical review of the literature. , 1995, Journal of toxicology and environmental health.

[66]  R. G. Lewis,et al.  Non-occupational exposures to pesticides for residents of two U.S. cities , 1994, Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[67]  M. Paul.  Occupational and environmental reproductive hazards : a guide for clinicians , 1993 .

[68]  B. Gladen,et al.  Neurotoxicology of PCBs and related compounds. , 1992, Neurotoxicology.

[69]  S. Olin,et al.  Similarities and differences between children and adults: implications for risk assessment , 1992 .

[70]  J. Jacobson,et al.  Effects of in utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and related contaminants on cognitive functioning in young children. , 1990, The Journal of pediatrics.

[71]  R J Sokol,et al.  Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and economic impact of FAS-related anomalies. , 1987, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[72]  G. N. Rivrud.  [Smoking and pregnancy]. , 1987, Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening.

[73]  R. Baker,et al.  Influences on Human Development , 1984 .

[74]  M. Wolff.  Occupationally derived chemicals in breast milk. , 1983, American journal of industrial medicine.

[75]  A. Goldman.  Handbook of teratology: General principles and etiology. , 1978 .

[76]  F. Fraser,et al.  Handbook of Teratology , 1977 .

[77]  H. Tuchmann-duplessis.  [The teratogenic risk]. , 1963, La Presse medicale.