Cryomazine concentration and host type effects on the biology of the southern cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus F.

In this study we investigated the effects of different cryomazine concentrations and host type on the biology of the southern cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Our results showed that increasing cryomazine concentration led to the increase in the average incubation period of eggs and low hatching rate, reaching the highest average of egg incubation period 13.25 days for insects reared on a mung beans treated with cryomazine concentration of 3 and 5%. The lowest average for incubation period reached 9.25 days when insects reared on cowpea treated with 1% concentration of cryomazine. Insect reared on peas treated with 5% cryomazine concentration had a lower average percentage of hatching eggs, 1.25% in comparison with the control (67.25%). The maximum average rate of eggs hatching reached 55% of insects reared on mung beans treated with 1% cryomazine concentration compared with the control (75%). High cryomazine concentration reduced the percentage of pupation and adult emergence; the average percentage reached 19.83 and 27.08%, compared with the control 87.33 and 88.5% respectively. Thus, increasing cryomazine concentration not only led to the increase in the average duration of larvae and pupae of insects bred to all nutritional hosts except peas where the insect was unable to complete its life cycle but also led to reduction in the percentage of pupation and adult emergence.

[1]  A. Mashaly,et al.  Effect of temperature and humidity on the biology of Attagenus fasciatus (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) , 2011 .

[2]  J. Brunner,et al.  Lethal and Sublethal Effects of an Insect Growth Regulator, Pyriproxyfen, on Obliquebanded Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) , 2010, Journal of economic entomology.

[3]  B. Subramanyam,et al.  Fundamentals of Stored-Product Entomology , 2008 .

[4]  B. Vazirianzadeh,et al.  THE EFFECTS OF ORAL APPLICATION OF CYROMAZINE AND TRIFLUMURON ON HOUSE-FLY LARVAE , 2007 .

[5]  M. Tuda,et al.  Ecological factors associated with pest status in Callosobruchus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae): high host specificity of non-pests to Cajaninae (Fabaceae) , 2005 .

[6]  I. Ishaaya,et al.  Current status and future perspectives of the use of insect growth regulators for the control of stored product insects , 1997 .

[7]  F. Arthur.  Grain protectants: Current status and prospects for the future , 1996 .

[8]  M. Ishimoto,et al.  Bruchid resistance of transgenic azuki bean expressing seed α‐amylase inhibitor of common bean , 1996 .

[9]  G. Daglish,et al.  Efficacy of protectants against Callosobruchus phaseoli (Gyll.) and C. maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in mungbeans , 1993 .

[10]  Toshiharu Yoshida,et al.  Population Ecology of the Azuki Bean Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis(L.), (Coleoptera:Bruchidae)on Two Wild Leguminous Hosts, Vigna angularis var.nipponensis and Dunbaria villosa , 1992 .

[11]  Paul G. Fields,et al.  The control of stored-product insects and mites with extreme temperatures , 1992 .

[12]  Toshiharu Yoshida,et al.  Two wild leguminous host plants of the azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). , 1991 .

[13]  F. Khallak.  Influence of dimilin on reproduction and development of the four-spotted cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) , 1990 .

[14]  Toshiharu Yoshida,et al.  Life History of the Azuki Bean Weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis L., (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), in the Field , 1990 .

[15]  C. Johnson,et al.  Bruchids and Legumes: Economics, Ecology and Coevolution , 1990, Series Entomologica.

[16]  P. Charmillot,et al.  Control of the codling moth Cydia pomonella L. with fenoxycarb and teflubenzuron , 1989 .

[17]  P. Credland,et al.  Food consumption by larvae of three strains of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) , 1987 .

[18]  T. Yoshida,et al.  Field biology of the azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). I. Seasonal prevalence and assessment of field infestation of Aki-Azuki, an autumn variety of Phaseolus angularis. , 1985 .

[19]  M. Mulla,et al.  Morphogenetic and histopathological effects induced by the insect growth regulator cyromazine in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). , 1984, Journal of medical entomology.

[20]  M. Mulla,et al.  Biological Activity of IGRs Against Four Stored-Product Coleopterans , 1982 .

[21]  V. Labeyrie.  Post - Harvest Conservation of Food , 1981 .

[22]  K. Singh,et al.  Studies of the efficacy and extent of residues of phosphine in stored pulses. , 1980 .

[23]  H. M. Flint,et al.  Laboratory Tests of Diflubenzuron and Four Analogues Against the Pink Bollworm and a Field Cage Test with Diflubenzuron and EL-494 for Control of the Pink Bollworm and Cotton Leafperforator , 1978 .

[24]  C. Haines.  Insects and arachnids from stored products: a report on specimens received by the Tropical Stored Products Centre 1972-1973. , 1974 .

[25]  F. Sehnal,et al.  Reduction of Fecundity and Control of the Khapra Beetle by Juvenile Hormone Mimics , 1972 .

[26]  R. Howe,et al.  Some laboratory observations on the rates of development, mortality and oviposition of several species of Bruchidae breeding in stored pulses. , 1964 .

[27]  J. Šváb.  Statistical methods for agricultural research workers. , 1961 .