Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene in Kawasaki Disease

Polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene is reported to be associated with ischemic heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Kawasaki disease and insertion/deletion polymorphism of ACE gene. Fifty five Kawasaki disease patients and 43 healthy children were enrolled. ACE genotype was evaluated from each of the subjects' DNA fragments through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Frequencies of ACE genotypes (DD, ID, II) were 12.7%, 60.0%, 27.3% in Kawasaki group, and 41.9%, 30.2%, 27.9% in control group respectively, indicating low rate of DD and high rate of ID genotype among Kawasaki patients (p<0.01). Comparing allelic (I, D) frequencies, I allele was more prevalent in Kawasaki group than in control group (57.3% vs. 43.0%, p<0.05). In Kawasaki group, both genotype and allelic frequencies were not statistically different between those with coronary dilatations and those without. ACE gene I/D polymorphism is thought to be associated with Kawasaki disease but not with the development of coronary dilatations.

[1]  Takashi Ohkubo,et al.  Possible Synergic Effect of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Angiotensin-II Type-1 Receptor 1166A/C Gene Polymorphism on Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients with Kawasaki Disease , 2004, Pediatric Research.

[2]  L. Tiret,et al.  Evidence, from combined segregation and linkage analysis, that a variant of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene controls plasma ACE levels. , 1992, American journal of human genetics.

[3]  L. Jonides,et al.  Kawasaki disease. , 1994, Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners.

[4]  A. Daugherty,et al.  Differential Effects of Doxycycline, a Broad-Spectrum Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor, on Angiotensin II–Induced Atherosclerosis and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms , 2003, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[5]  M. Matucci-Cerinic,et al.  Are Angiotensin Converting Enzyme and von Willebrand factor circulating levels useful surrogate parameters to monitor disease activity in Kawasaki disease? , 1999, Endothelium : journal of endothelial cell research.

[6]  F. Kishi,et al.  Isolation of human herpesvirus-6 from an infant with kawasaki disease , 2005, European Journal of Pediatrics.

[7]  J. Strong,et al.  ACE insert/delete polymorphism and atherosclerosis. , 2005, Atherosclerosis.

[8]  T Enright,et al.  Kawasaki syndrome. , 1990, Annals of allergy.

[9]  F. Tsai,et al.  Polymorphism of Angiotensin-1 Converting Enzyme Gene and Kawasaki Disease , 2004, Pediatric Cardiology.

[10]  S. Shulman,et al.  DOES KAWASAKI DISEASE HAVE A RETROVIRAL AETIOLOGY? , 1986, The Lancet.

[11]  H. Schunkert,et al.  Renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms: potential mechanisms for their association with cardiovascular diseases. , 2000, European journal of pharmacology.

[12]  Shu-Jen Chang,et al.  Serum anti-Yersinia antibody in Chinese patients with Kawasaki disease. , 2005, Archives of medical research.

[13]  S. Sato,et al.  High incidence of angiotensin I converting enzyme genotype II in Kawasaki disease patients with coronary aneurysm , 1997, European Journal of Pediatrics.

[14]  F. Soubrier,et al.  Structure of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene. Two alternate promoters correspond to evolutionary steps of a duplicated gene. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[15]  A. Quyyumi,et al.  The insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene determines coronary vascular tone and nitric oxide activity. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[16]  K. Baba,et al.  Cases of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection having diagnostic criteria of Kawasaki disease. , 1991, Contributions to microbiology and immunology.

[17]  R. Shamir,et al.  Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment for infantile spasms , 1992, European Journal of Pediatrics.

[18]  C. Byington,et al.  Adenoviral infections in children: the impact of rapid diagnosis. , 2004, Pediatrics.

[19]  A. Słowik,et al.  II Genotype of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Increases the Risk for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage From Ruptured Aneurysm , 2004, Stroke.

[20]  E. Shapiro,et al.  Association between a Novel Human Coronavirus and Kawasaki Disease , 2005, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[21]  P. Amouyel,et al.  Angiotensin Converting Enzyme and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Polymorphisms in Patients with Coronary Aneurysms , 2003, Thrombosis journal.

[22]  P. Frossard,et al.  The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion dimorphism tracks with higher serum ace activities in both younger and older subjects. , 1998, Annals of Saudi medicine.

[23]  B. Seegal,et al.  Angiotensin-converting enzyme: vascular endothelial localization. , 1976, Science.

[24]  P Corvol,et al.  An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. , 1990, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[25]  M. Mokhtar,et al.  Neonatal screening for sickle cell disease, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and a-thalassemia in Qatif and Al Hasa. , 1998, Annals of Saudi medicine.

[26]  Hsiang-Po Huang,et al.  Kawasaki disease associated with chickenpox: report of two sibling cases. , 2004, Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi.