Charge management for gravitational-wave observatories using UV LEDs

Accumulation of electrical charge on the end mirrors of gravitational-wave observatories can become a source of noise limiting the sensitivity of such detectors through electronic couplings to nearby surfaces. Torsion balances provide an ideal means for testing gravitational-wave technologies due to their high sensitivity to small forces. Our torsion pendulum apparatus consists of a movable plate brought near a plate pendulum suspended from a nonconducting quartz fiber. A UV LED located near the pendulum photoejects electrons from the surface, and a UV LED driven electron gun directs photoelectrons towards the pendulum surface. We have demonstrated both charging and discharging of the pendulum with equivalent charging rates of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{5}e/\mathrm{s}$, as well as spectral measurements of the pendulum charge resulting in a white noise level equivalent to $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}e/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$.

[1]  G. Brewer CHAPTER 3.2 – HIGH-INTENSITY ELECTRON GUNS , 1967 .

[2]  G. G. Stokes "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.