Earthquake-Induced Structural and Nonstructural Damage in Hospitals

The Sichuan (China) and L'Aquila (Italy) earthquakes have again highlighted the question of our preparedness for natural hazards. Within a few seconds, an earthquake can demolish many buildings, destroy infrastructure, and kill and injure thousands of people. In order to reduce the impact of earthquakes on human life and to prepare hospitals to cope with future disasters, this paper discusses earthquake-related damage to healthcare facilities. It investigates the damage to 34 healthcare facilities in seven countries caused by nine earthquakes between 1994 and 2004, in order to determine common and specific issues. The investigation shows that structural and architectural damage tended to be different and specific to the situation, while utility supplies and equipment damage were similar in most cases and some common trends emerged.

[1]  Anshel J. Schiff.  Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake of January 17, 1995 : lifeline performance , 1999 .

[2]  Eduardo A. Fierro,et al.  Reducing the risks of nonstructural earthquake damage : A practical guide , 1994 .

[3]  Masato Kasuga,et al.  Medical staff suffered severe stress after earthquake in Kobe, Japan , 1996, BMJ.

[4]  George C. Yao,et al.  Damage to Critical Facilities Following the 921 Chi-Chi , Taiwan Earthquake , 2000 .

[5]  Arthur C. Tarr,et al.  USGS response to an urban earthquake, Northridge '94 , 1996 .

[6]  Michel Bruneau,et al.  The Marmara, Turkey Earthquake of August 17, 1999: Reconnaissance Report , 2000 .

[7]  Long Beach Marriott Hotel,et al.  Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development , 2008 .

[8]  C. Schultz,et al.  Implications of hospital evacuation after the Northridge, California, earthquake. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[9]  Andrew D.F. Price,et al.  Erratum: “Earthquake-Induced Structural and Nonstructural Damage in Hospitals” [Earthquake Spectra 27, 617–634 (2011)] , 2011 .

[10]  G. Housner.  The behavior of inverted pendulum structures during earthquakes , 1963 .

[11]  Nebil Achour.  Estimation of Malfunction of a Healthcare Facility in Case of Earthquake , 2007 .

[12]  Charles Scawthorn,et al.  MARMARA, TURKEY EARTHQUAKE OF AUGUST 17, 1999: RECONNAISSANCE REPORT , 2000 .

[13]  Anshel J. Schiff,et al.  Northridge earthquake : lifeline performance and post-earthquake response , 1995 .

[14]  J. Mulvey,et al.  Profile of injuries arising from the 2005 Kashmir earthquake: the first 72 h. , 2008, Injury.

[15]  Nicos Makris,et al.  Rocking Response and Overturning of Anchored Equipment under Seismic Excitations , 2003 .

[16]  Ayse Hortacsu,et al.  Reducing the Risks of Nonstructural Earthquake Damage , 2009 .

[17]  Ronald Hamburger.  Building Code Provisions for Seismic Resistance , 2002 .

[18]  Geoff Boughton,et al.  Principles of Disaster Mitigation in Health Facilities [Book Review] , 2001 .

[19]  Rubén Boroschek Krauskopf,et al.  Guidelines for Vulnerability Reduction in the Design of New Health Facilities , 2004 .

[20]  He Li,et al.  The injury profile after the 2008 earthquakes in China. , 2009, Injury.

[21]  Di Sarno.  APPLICATION OF BASE ISOLATION TO A LARGE HOSPITAL IN NAPLES, ITALY , 2007 .

[22]  R. E. Sheppard,et al.  Seismic Reliability Assessment of Critical Facilities: A Handbook, Supporting Documentation, and Model Code Provisions , 1999 .

[23]  Toshikazu Ikemoto,et al.  DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN THE 2004 NIIGATA-KEN CHUETSU EARTHQUAKE , 2005 .

[24]  K. K. Lo,et al.  Nonstructural damage from the Northridge earthquake , 1995 .

[25]  Harry W. Shenton,et al.  CRITERIA FOR INITIATION OF SLIDE, ROCK, AND SLIDE-RoCK RIGID-BODY MODES , 1996 .

[26]  Goodarz Ahmadi,et al.  A comparative study of performances of various base isolation systems, part I: Shear beam structures , 1989 .

[27]  S.W.A. Gunn,et al.  Health effects of earthquakes , 1995 .

[28]  S. Lagomarsino,et al.  Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Buildings , 2013 .

[29]  Mark A. Pickett.  Hospital Lifeline Response to the 1999 Izmit Turkey Earthquake , 2003 .

[30]  Masanobu Shinozuka,et al.  The Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of January 17, 1995 : performance of lifelines , 1995 .

[31]  Pacific Earthquake,et al.  Rocking Response and Overturning of Anchored Equipment under Seismic Excitations , 1999 .

[32]  George W. Housner,et al.  The response of veterans hospital building 41 in the San Fernando earthquake , 1982 .

[33]  Michel Bruneau,et al.  The Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake of September 21, 1999: Reconnaissance Report , 2000 .

[34]  Abdul Hakim Mohammed,et al.  A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY CULTURE IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY , 2006 .

[35]  Yoshihito Horiuchi.  Earthquake early warning hospital applications. , 2009 .

[36]  R Sharma.  India plans massive hospital rebuilding after earthquake , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[37]  A. B. Ngowi,et al.  Impact of culture on the application of TQM in the construction industry in Botswana , 2000 .