Dielectric properties of rat liver in vivo: analysis by modeling hepatocytes in the tissue architecture

Abstract The audio/radiofrequency dielectric dispersion of rat liver is analyzed by applying several competent mixture theories combined with a realistic model of hepatocytes. A naive application of the Maxwell–Wagner (interfacial-polarization) theory could not fully explain the observed dielectric behavior especially at frequencies below 1 MHz. The Bruggeman–Hanai-type effective-medium theory (EMT) proved competent to some extent in simulating the observation on liver at low frequencies, although some sizeable discrepancies between theory and observation still remained unexplained. These remaining discrepancies, however, were minimized when we applied a novel theory developed in this study. This theory introduces second-order corrections for possible dipole–dipole interaction (DDI) effects to the classical EMT for a concentrated suspension of particles. Analysis by simulations based on the EMT-DDI revealed that this theory can predict: (i) the effective size and shape of hepatic cell plates within the liver tissue, (ii) values of the specific capacitance for plasma, nuclear and mitochondrial membranes associated with the hepatocyte, and (iii) cytosolic as well as nucleoplasmic conductivities of physiological interest.

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