Projections from the superior temporal sulcus to the agranular frontal cortex in the macaque

The aim of this study was to investigate the organization of the projections from the superior temporal sulcus (STS) to the various areas forming the agranular frontal cortex. Injections of retrograde neuronal tracers were made in the various agranular areas, in nine macaque monkeys. The results showed that two rostral premotor areas, F6 (pre‐SMA) and F7, and the ventrorostral part of area F2 (F2vr) are targets of projections from the upper bank of the STS (uSTS). F6 and the dorsorostral part of F7 (supplementary eye field, SEF) are targets of projections from the rostral part of the uSTS, corresponding to the so‐called ‘superior temporal polysensory area’ (STP). In contrast, the ventral part of area F7 (not including the SEF) and F2vr are targets of afferents from the caudal part of the uSTS. Ventral F7 is the target of weak afferents from the caudalmost and dorsalmost part of the uSTS (area 7a), whilst F2vr is the target of projections from a relatively more rostral and ventral sector of the uSTS, close to the fundus of the sulcus. This sector should correspond to area MST. In conclusion, F6 and SEF receive high order information from STP, whereas ventral F7 and F2vr receive information from areas of the dorsal visual stream.

[1]  D I Perrett,et al.  Frameworks of analysis for the neural representation of animate objects and actions. , 1989, The Journal of experimental biology.

[2]  S. Squatrito,et al.  Corticocortical connections between frontal periarcuate regions and visual areas of the superior temporal sulcus and the adjoining inferior parietal lobule in the macaque monkey , 1998, Brain Research.

[3]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Patterns of cytochrome oxidase activity in the frontal agranular cortex of the macaque monkey , 1985, Behavioural Brain Research.

[4]  D. Pandya,et al.  Frontal lobe connections of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey , 1989, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[5]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  Pathways for motion analysis: Cortical connections of the medial superior temporal and fundus of the superior temporal visual areas in the macaque , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[6]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts. , 1998, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[7]  E. Rolls,et al.  Functional subdivisions of the temporal lobe neocortex , 1987, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[8]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  Multiple visual areas in the caudal superior temporal sulcus of the macaque , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[9]  C. Duffy.  MST neurons respond to optic flow and translational movement. , 1998, Journal of neurophysiology.

[10]  M. Gazzaniga,et al.  The new cognitive neurosciences , 2000 .

[11]  H. Komatsu,et al.  Relation of cortical areas MT and MST to pursuit eye movements. I. Localization and visual properties of neurons. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[12]  J Tanji,et al.  Multiple cortical motor areas and temporal sequencing of movements. , 1996, Brain research. Cognitive brain research.

[13]  D. Pandya,et al.  Afferent cortical connections and architectonics of the superior temporal sulcus and surrounding cortex in the rhesus monkey , 1978, Brain Research.

[14]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  Organization of visual inputs to the inferior temporal and posterior parietal cortex in macaques , 1991, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[15]  B. Seltzer,et al.  Chemoarchitectonics and corticocortical terminations within the superior temporal sulcus of the rhesus monkey: Evidence for subdivisions of superior temporal polysensory cortex , 1995, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[16]  C Galletti,et al.  Superior area 6 afferents from the superior parietal lobule in the macaque monkey , 1998, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[17]  John H. R. Maunsell,et al.  The connections of the middle temporal visual area (MT) and their relationship to a cortical hierarchy in the macaque monkey , 1983, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[18]  R. Andersen,et al.  Multimodal representation of space in the posterior parietal cortex and its use in planning movements. , 1997, Annual review of neuroscience.

[19]  Paul B. Johnson,et al.  The sources of visual information to the primate frontal lobe: a novel role for the superior parietal lobule. , 1996, Cerebral cortex.

[20]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  Cortical connections of visual area MT in the macaque , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[21]  H. Komatsu,et al.  Relation of cortical areas MT and MST to pursuit eye movements. III. Interaction with full-field visual stimulation. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[22]  M. Mesulam,et al.  Tracing Neural Connections with Horseradish Peroxidase , 1982 .

[23]  R. Desimone,et al.  Visual properties of neurons in a polysensory area in superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. , 1981, Journal of neurophysiology.

[24]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Corticocortical connections of area F3 (SMA‐proper) and area F6 (pre‐SMA) in the macaque monkey , 1993, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[25]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  Projections to the superior temporal sulcus from the central and peripheral field representations of V1 and V2 , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[26]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Architecture of superior and mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex in the macaque monkey , 1991, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[27]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  The Organization of the Frontal Motor Cortex. , 2000, News in physiological sciences : an international journal of physiology produced jointly by the International Union of Physiological Sciences and the American Physiological Society.

[28]  M. Schlag-Rey,et al.  Evidence for a supplementary eye field. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[29]  D. J. Felleman,et al.  Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. , 1991, Cerebral cortex.

[30]  R. M. Siegel,et al.  Corticocortical connections of anatomically and physiologically defined subdivisions within the inferior parietal lobule , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[31]  Jordan Grafman,et al.  Handbook of Neuropsychology , 1991 .

[32]  J. Schall,et al.  Performance monitoring by the supplementary eye ® eld , 2000 .

[33]  J. Kaas,et al.  Supplementary eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation: Connections in macaques , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[34]  H. Nauta.  Tracing neural connections with horseradish peroxidase M. M. Mesulam (Ed.). John Wiley, Chichester (1982). 280 pp., Cloth, $52.00/£22.00; paper, $26.00/£11.00 , 1982, Neuroscience.

[35]  P. Goldman-Rakic,et al.  Intrinsic circuit organization of the major layers and sublayers of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey , 1995, The Journal of comparative neurology.