Retrieval strategies in recall of natural categories and categorized lists.

Experiments 1 and 2 examined the effect of retrieval strategies on 3 or 12 min of recall from a natural category. Experiment 3 examined the effect of strategy on 6 min of recall from a subset of a category presented as a list. In Experiments 1 and 2, a large recall deficit was produced by retrieval strategies involving recall in alphabetic order and by size of the words' referents, relative to free recall. In Experiment 3, four strategies, alphabetic, size, serial order, and free recall, gave similar levels of recall after 6 min, though the growth rate of the cumulative output functions differed among the strategies. An extension of the search of associative memory (SAM) model of Raaijmakers and Shiffrin was developed to explain these results; the new model postulates attention sharing among probe cues and the use of idiosyncratic strategies for free recall from natural categories.

[1]  Walter Kintsch,et al.  Automatic and Strategic Aspects of Knowledge Retrieval , 1985, Cogn. Sci..

[2]  R S Nickerson,et al.  Retrieval inhibition from part-set cuing: A persisting enigma in memory research , 1984, Memory & cognition.

[3]  G. Strube.  Der Prozeß des Erinnerns , 1984 .

[4]  R. Shiffrin,et al.  A retrieval model for both recognition and recall. , 1984, Psychological review.

[5]  W. Whitten,et al.  Directed search through autobiographical memory , 1981, Memory & cognition.

[6]  R. Shiffrin,et al.  Search of associative memory. , 1981 .

[7]  James D. Hollan,et al.  The Process of Retrieval from Very Long-Term Memory , 1978, Cogn. Sci..

[8]  G. Lockhead,et al.  The free recall of category examples. , 1980 .

[9]  B. Fischhoff,et al.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory , 1980 .

[10]  Richard M. Shiffrin,et al.  SAM: A theory of probabilistic search in associative memory. , 1980 .

[11]  Michael J. Watkins,et al.  Inhibition from Part-Set Cuing: A Cue-Overload Interpretation. , 1977 .

[12]  Henry L. Roediger,et al.  Inhibition from part-list cues and rate of recall. , 1977 .

[13]  W. Kintsch,et al.  Memory and cognition , 1977 .

[14]  H L Roediger,et al.  Inhibiting effects of recall , 1974, Memory & cognition.

[15]  Henry L. Roediger,et al.  Inhibition in recall from cueing with recall targets , 1973 .

[16]  Dewey Rundus,et al.  Negative effects of using list items as recall cues , 1973 .

[17]  Tarow Indow,et al.  On Retrieving Sequence from Long-Term Memory. , 1970 .

[18]  Richard M. Shiffrin,et al.  12 – Memory Search1 , 1970 .

[19]  Donald A. Norman,et al.  Models Of Human Memory , 1970 .

[20]  N. J. Slamecka,et al.  Testing for associative storage in multitrial free recall. , 1969 .

[21]  W. Montague,et al.  Category norms of verbal items in 56 categories A replication and extension of the Connecticut category norms , 1969 .

[22]  N. J. Slamecka,et al.  An examination of trace storage in free recall. , 1968, Journal of experimental psychology.

[23]  John Brown,et al.  Reciprocal facilitation and impairment of free recall , 1968 .

[24]  M. Earhard.  The facilitation of memorization by alphabetic instructions. , 1967, Canadian journal of psychology.

[25]  Endel Tulving,et al.  The effect of alphabetical subjective organization on memorizing unrelated words. , 1962 .

[26]  W. A. Bousfield,et al.  An Analysis of Sequences of Restricted Associative Responses , 1944 .