Group-Based Generation of Referring Expressions

Past work of generating referring expressions mainly utilized attributes of objects and binary relations between objects in order to distinguish the target object from others. However, such an approach does not work well when there is no distinctive attribute among objects. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a novel generation method utilizing perceptual groups of objects and n-ary relations among them. The evaluation using 18 subjects showed that the proposed method could effectively generate proper referring expressions.

[1]  Kees van Deemter.  Generating Referring Expressions: Boolean Extensions of the Incremental Algorithm , 2002, CL.

[2]  Takenobu Tokunaga,et al.  Generating Referring Expressions Using Perceptual Groups , 2004, INLG.

[3]  Helmut Horacek,et al.  An Algorithm for Generating Referential Descriptions with Flexible Interfaces , 1997, ACL.

[4]  K. Tomofumi,et al.  Meaning of Japanese Spatial Nouns , 2005 .

[5]  Takenobu Tokunaga,et al.  Animated Agents Capable of Understanding Natural Language and Performing Actions , 2004, Life-like characters.

[6]  Douglas E. Appelt,et al.  Planning English Referring Expressions , 1985, Artif. Intell..

[7]  Graeme Hirst,et al.  Collaborating on Referring Expressions , 1991, CL.

[8]  Robert Dale,et al.  Computational Interpretations of the Gricean Maxims in the Generation of Referring Expressions , 1995, Cogn. Sci..

[9]  Laurent Romary,et al.  Visual Salience and Perceptual Grouping in Multimodal Interactivity , 2001 .

[10]  Matthew Stone,et al.  On identifying sets , 2000, INLG.

[11]  Robert Dale.  Generating referring expressions - constructing descriptions in a domain of objects and processes , 1992, ACL-MIT press series in natural language processing.

[12]  Kristinn R. Thórisson,et al.  Simulated Perceptual Grouping: An Application to Human-Computer Interaction , 2019, Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.

[13]  Robert Dale,et al.  Generating Referring Expressions Involving Relations , 1991, EACL.

[14]  Emiel Krahmer,et al.  Graph-Based Generation of Referring Expressions , 2003, CL.