Variance component estimation on the frequency of deforming arthropathies in limb joints of Hanoverian Warmblood horses

Summary Following the analysis of systematic effects, the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach was used to estimate genetic parameters on deforming arthropathies in distal (DIJ) and proximal interphalangeal (PIJ), fetlock (FJ) and hock joints (HJ) under both linear animal and linear sire models. The data comprised of the results of a standardized radiological examination of 3748 young Hanoverian Warmblood horses selected for sale at auction as riding horses. Of the horses 17.7% showed radiographic findings indicative of degenerative joint disease in at least one of the examined joints. HJ were found to be most often affected. The examiner as well as the date of the auction had a significant influence on the prevalence of documented radiological findings. Only deformations in DIJ appeared to be significantly dependent on the age of horse, with older horses being more often affected. With increasing height at withers the probability to show deformations of DIJ or PIJ tended to increase. Having genes of the Holstein Warmblood resulted in a higher probability to show deforming arthropathies in DIJ. The higher the proportion of Thoroughbred genes, the more likely was the horse to present slight HJ deformations (HJ I). Neither male and female founder animals nor sex, suitability or region of origin of the horse significantly influenced the prevalences of deforming arthropathies in the investigated joints. Sire effect had a significant influence on moderate alterations of HJ (HJ II). The estimation of genetic parameters was performed multivariately, including height at withers as a separate trait. When analysing deforming arthropathies in males and females together, the heritability estimates were in the range of h2 = 0.10–0.36. Separate analyses for HJ deformations in males and females revealed noticeable sex differences. Additive genetic correlations between radiological findings in HJ and in phalangeal joints (DIJ, PIJ, FJ) were estimated to be moderately positive. However, conflicting results were obtained for the additive genetic correlations between deforming arthropathies and height at withers. Zusammenfassung Im Anschluss an die Analyse systematischer Effekte wurden mit der Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) Methode im Tier- und im Vatermodell genetische Parameter fur das Auftreten deformierender Arthropathien in Huf-, Kron-, Fessel- und Sprunggelenken Hannoverscher Warmblutpferde geschatzt. Das Datenmaterial bestand aus den Ergebnissen einer standardisierten rontgenologischen Untersuchung von 3748 jungen, fur Reitpferdeauktionen ausgewahlten Pferden. 17,7% der Pferde zeigten rontgenologisch in mindestens einem der untersuchten Gelenke Anzeichen fur eine degenerative Gelenkerkrankung. Sprunggelenke waren dabei am haufigsten betroffen. Der Untersucher und der Effekt der einzelnen Auktion erwiesen sich durchgangig als signifikant im Hinblick auf die Pravalenz dokumentierter Rontgenbefunde. Eine signifikante Altersabhangigkeit mit steigendem Anteil betroffener Pferde mit zunehmendem Alter wurde nur fur deformierende Arthropathien im Hufgelenk festgestellt. Eine grosere Widerristhohe ging mit einer erhohten Wahrscheinlichkeit einher, Gelenkdeformationen in Huf- oder Krongelenk zu zeigen. Hufgelenkbefunde traten haufiger bei Pferden mit Genanteilen des Holsteiner Warmblutes auf. Ein steigender Vollblutanteil machte das Auftreten geringgradiger Sprunggelenkveranderungen wahrscheinlicher. Weder das mannliche oder weibliche Grundertier, noch Geschlecht, Nutzungseignung oder Herkunftsregion der Pferde hatten einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Pravalenz deformierender Arthropathien in den untersuchten Gliedmasengelenken. Ein signifikanter Vatereffekt lies sich nur fur mittelgradige Sprunggelenkbefunde ermitteln. Die Schatzung genetischer Parameter erfolgte multivariat unter Einbeziehung der Widerristhohe als eigenstandiges Merkmal. Bei der Analyse der Rontgenbefunde ohne Geschlechtsdifferenzierung ergaben sich Heritabilitatsschatzwerte im Bereich von h2 = 0,10–0,36. Bei der nach Geschlechtern getrennten Auswertung der Sprunggelenkbefunde wurden deutliche Geschlechtsunterschiede erkennbar. Es wurden positive additiv genetische Korrelationen zwischen deformierenden Arthropathien in Zehen- und Sprunggelenken geschatzt. Widerspruchliche Ergebnisse ergaben sich hingegen fur die additiv genetischen Korrelationen zwischen der Widerristhohe und den untersuchten Rontgenbefunden.

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