Mission, Organization, and Leadership.

In writing about administration in institutions of higher education, much has been made of a distinction between administration and management. A minister may be defined as one who ministers to or waits upon another. In diplomacy, a minister (rating below an ambassador) represents a government but has no authority. Like a minister, an administrator presumably conducts affairs for the benefit of others and under policies determined by others. His or her attention is directed to communication and negotiation. A manager is one who controls, directs, or conducts business or household affairs with efficiency and frugality. This implies purposes or objectives that are to be reached by actions and decisions made by the manager. Related to menage, management also has overtones of training (of horses) and of maintaining a collection of wild animals (menagerie). No doubt, the cages or confinement areas correspond to departments. Faculty members viewing the university from departments and colleges (where, as they see it, all significant educational decisions must be made and effected), prefer that the central nonacademic functions be administered so that they expedite college and departmental programs. In this view, it is the administrator's responsibility to find the needed resources, assist in allocating and expediting their use, and otherwise refrain from intrusion into academic matters.