The implementation of the current agricultural produce traceability system based on centralized storage shows many disadvantages. Its data is not transparent, easy been tampered with, and incredible. The existing blockchain traceability system is not closely combined with the requirements of agricultural produce traceability, and the management and query of large-scale traceability data are inefficient. Therefore, this paper proposes a consortium blockchain scheme based on the Hyperledger Fabric framework which ensures traceability credible and promotes transaction efficiency by designing the system architecture and the chain operation method in the view of the agricultural produce traceability and consortium blockchain to meet the needs of agricultural produce traceability. The results show that the blockchain traceability system based on our scheme optimizes the transaction process of large-scale traceability data, covering the whole life cycle of agricultural products, and has certain practicability.