Robust video communication over an urban VANET

Video communication within a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has the potential to be of considerable benefit in an urban emergency, as it allows emergency vehicles approaching the scene to better understand the nature of the emergency. However, the lack of centralized routing and network resource management within a VANET is an impediment to video streaming. To overcome these problems the paper pioneers source-coding techniques for VANET video streaming. The paper firstly investigates two practical multiple-path schemes, Video Redundancy Coding (VRC) and the H.264/AVC codec's redundant frames. The VRC scheme is reinforced by gradual decoder refresh to improve the delivered video quality. Evaluation shows that multiple-path 'redundant frames' achieves acceptable video quality at some destinations, whereas VRC is insufficient. The paper also demonstrates a third source coding scheme, single-path streaming with Flexible Macroblock Ordering, which is also capable of delivery of reasonable quality video. Therefore, video communication between vehicles is indeed shown to be feasible in an urban emergency if the suitable source coding techniques are selected.

[1]  Mario Gerla,et al.  Emergency related video streaming in VANET using network coding , 2006, VANET '06.

[2]  Hong Va Leong,et al.  Multi-resolution information transmission in mobile environments , 2005, Mob. Inf. Syst..

[3]  Yu Wang,et al.  Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2009, Guide to Wireless Ad Hoc Networks.

[4]  Panagiotis Papadimitratos,et al.  VANET Connectivity Analysis , 2009, ArXiv.

[5]  Qin Lu,et al.  Improved Multi-Path AODV Protocols for Real-Time Video Transport over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2008, 2008 IEEE Pacific-Asia Workshop on Computational Intelligence and Industrial Application.

[6]  Marco Fiore,et al.  The networking shape of vehicular mobility , 2008, MobiHoc '08.

[7]  Ajay Luthra,et al.  Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard , 2003, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[8]  Wesley De Neve,et al.  Flexible macroblock ordering in H.264/AVC , 2006, J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent..

[9]  Heather Yu.  Streaming Media Encryption , 2006 .

[10]  M. S. Beg,et al.  Performance evaluation of error resilient tools for MPEG-4 video transmission over a mobile channel , 2002, 2002 IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications.

[11]  Giovanni Pau,et al.  First Responders' Crystal Ball: How to Scry the Emergency from a Remote Vehicle , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference.

[12]  Gabriella Olmo,et al.  Redundant Slice Optimal Allocation for H.264 Multiple Description Coding , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[13]  Albrecht Rothermel,et al.  Motion adaptive intra refresh for the H.264 video coding standard , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.

[14]  Vivek K. Goyal,et al.  Multiple description coding: compression meets the network , 2001, IEEE Signal Process. Mag..

[15]  John G. Apostolopoulos,et al.  Reliable video communication over lossy packet networks using multiple state encoding and path diversity , 2000, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[16]  Roberto Battiti,et al.  Invited Paper , 2004, 2004 International IEEE Conference on the Asian Green Electronics (AGEC). Proceedings of.

[17]  Ahmed Helmy,et al.  IMPORTANT: a framework to systematically analyze the Impact of Mobility on Performance of Routing Protocols for Adhoc Networks , 2003, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428).

[18]  Luca Delgrossi,et al.  IEEE 802.11p: Towards an International Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments , 2008, VTC Spring 2008 - IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.

[19]  Christian Bonnet,et al.  Vehicular Mobility Simulation for VANETs , 2007, 40th Annual Simulation Symposium (ANSS'07).

[20]  Stephan Wenger,et al.  H.264/AVC over IP , 2003, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[21]  Avideh Zakhor,et al.  Multipath unicast and multicast video communication over wireless ad hoc networks , 2004, First International Conference on Broadband Networks.

[22]  S. Yousefi,et al.  Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs): Challenges and Perspectives , 2006, 2006 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications.

[23]  Xu Guan,et al.  Field Measurements of Vehicle to Roadside Communication Performance , 2007, 2007 IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference.

[24]  Sung-Ju Lee,et al.  Split multipath routing with maximally disjoint paths in ad hoc networks , 2001, ICC 2001. IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37240).

[25]  Pascal Frossard,et al.  Multiple description h.264 video coding with redundant pictures , 2007, MV '07.

[26]  Paolo Bucciol,et al.  Performance Evaluation of H. 264 Video Streaming over Inter-Vehicular 802.11 Ad Hoc Networks , 2005, 2005 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications.

[27]  Thomas Stockhammer,et al.  Error-Resilient Coding and Decoding Strategies for Video Communication , 2007 .

[28]  Subir Biswas,et al.  Vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication protocols for enhancing highway traffic safety , 2006, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[29]  Ozan K. Tonguz,et al.  Modeling urban traffic: A cellular automata approach , 2009, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[30]  Azim Eskandarian,et al.  Challenges of intervehicle ad hoc networks , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[31]  Mike E. Woodward,et al.  Performance evaluation with different mobility models for dynamic probabilistic flooding in MANETs , 2009 .

[32]  Mario Gerla,et al.  GloMoSim: a library for parallel simulation of large-scale wireless networks , 1998 .

[33]  Yoong Choon Chang,et al.  Performance evaluation of MPEG-4 visual error resilient tools over a mobile channel , 2003, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron..

[34]  Zhenyu Wu,et al.  Adaptive Error Resilient Video Coding Based on Redundant Slices of H.264/AVC , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo.

[35]  Mohammed Ghanbari,et al.  Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding , 2003 .

[36]  Narottam Chand,et al.  Cooperative caching in mobile ad hoc networks based on data utility , 2007, Mob. Inf. Syst..

[37]  Ellen W. Zegura,et al.  V3: a vehicle-to-vehicle live video streaming architecture , 2005, Third IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications.

[38]  Miska Hannuksela,et al.  Error Resilient Video Coding Techniques Using Spare Pictures , 2003 .

[39]  Jörg Ott,et al.  Error resilience support in H.263+ , 1998, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[40]  Heiko Schwarz,et al.  Context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding in the H.264/AVC video compression standard , 2003, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[41]  Sergio Saponara,et al.  “The JVT Advanced Video Coding Standard: Complexity and Performance Analysis on a Tool-by-tool Basis” , 2003 .

[42]  Muriel Médard,et al.  Random Linear Network Coding: A free cipher? , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory.

[43]  John Dunlop,et al.  Digital Mobile Communications and the TETRA System , 1999 .

[44]  Yao Wang,et al.  Multiple Description Coding for Video Delivery , 2005, Proceedings of the IEEE.