Array beam response in the presence of amplitude and phase fluctuations

This paper is a study of the influences of random fluctuations of phase and weighting factors (or errors in these parameters), and element failures on beam gain, main beamwidth, and directional accuracy of main beam axis and side‐lobe level. It summarizes results of investigations into the influences of random errors on beam‐response‐related parameters. We shall present design guidelines for rectangular planar array (composed of M N‐element linear arrays) subject to random phase and weighting errors, and element failures. We shall also discuss what precautions are necessary in designing to achieve a specific beam‐forming performance, which deals with beam gain, beamwidth, beam direction and average and peak side‐lobe levels. The analytical results is compared to computer simulated beamforming performance whenever possible for the purpose of validation.