Embedding Multiple Modes of Representations in Open-Ended Tests on Learning Transition Elements

Past studies suggested writing incorporated with multiple modes of representations (MMR) were able to reduce students’ misconceptions and teaching using technological tools can promote the use of MMR in presenting the answers in open-ended tests. As such, in this study, a writing-to-learn (WTL) activities integrated with graphic organizers using the “Popplet” application was used to teach transition elements. Following the teaching, the degree of MMR embeddedness in the open-ended tests was measured. For this purpose, mixed method design was used to identify the ability of 81 pre-university students in embedding MMR.

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