Z-scheme water splitting under visible light irradiation over powdered metal-complex/semiconductor hybrid photocatalysts mediated by reduced graphene oxide

A powdered Z-scheme system for the photocatalytic water splitting reaction under visible light irradiation was successfully demonstrated utilizing a combination of a metal-complex catalyst, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and semiconductor photocatalysts. A Ru-complex electrocatalyst, [Ru (2,2′-bipyridine)(4,4′-diphosphonate-2,2′-bipyridine)(CO)2]2+, linked with SrTiO3:Rh (Rh: 4 at%) as a H+ reduction photocatalyst was coupled with BiVO4 as a water oxidation photocatalyst and RGO as a solid-state electron mediator. H2 and O2 evolved stoichiometrically under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) and the turnover number for the Ru-complex was calculated to be 450 after 8.5 h of irradiation time, which indicates that this Z-scheme system splits water photocatalytically and the Ru-complex functions as an efficient cocatalyst for hydrogen evolution by water splitting.

[1]  R. Asahi,et al.  Theoretical Insights into the Impact of Ru Catalyst Anchors on the Efficiency of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Ta2O5. , 2015, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[2]  M. Jaroniec,et al.  All‐Solid‐State Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems , 2014, Advanced materials.

[3]  A. Kudo,et al.  BiVO4–Ru/SrTiO3:Rh composite Z-scheme photocatalyst for solar water splitting , 2014 .

[4]  G. N. Baum,et al.  Technical and economic feasibility of centralized facilities for solar hydrogen production via photocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry , 2013 .

[5]  Can Li,et al.  Hybrid artificial photosynthetic systems comprising semiconductors as light harvesters and biomimetic complexes as molecular cocatalysts. , 2013, Accounts of chemical research.

[6]  A. Kudo,et al.  [Co(bpy)3](3+/2+) and [Co(phen)3](3+/2+) electron mediators for overall water splitting under sunlight irradiation using Z-scheme photocatalyst system. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[7]  T. Kajino,et al.  Solar CO2 reduction using H2O by a semiconductor/metal-complex hybrid photocatalyst: enhanced efficiency and demonstration of a wireless system using SrTiO3 photoanodes , 2013 .

[8]  T. Kajino,et al.  Visible light-sensitive mesoporous N-doped Ta2O5 spheres: synthesis and photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction , 2012 .

[9]  C. Kubiak,et al.  Photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation by an [FeFe] hydrogenase active site mimic at a p-type silicon/molecular electrocatalyst junction. , 2012, Chemistry.

[10]  R. Abe.  Development of a New System for Photocatalytic Water Splitting into H2 and O2 under Visible Light Irradiation , 2011 .

[11]  Keiko Uemura,et al.  Selective CO2 conversion to formate conjugated with H2O oxidation utilizing semiconductor/complex hybrid photocatalysts. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[12]  T. Kajino,et al.  Photoinduced Electron Transfer from Nitrogen-Doped Tantalum Oxide to Adsorbed Ruthenium Complex , 2011 .

[13]  A. Kudo,et al.  Rh-doped SrTiO3 photocatalyst electrode showing cathodic photocurrent for water splitting under visible-light irradiation. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[14]  Can Li,et al.  Photocatalytic H2 production on hybrid catalyst system composed of inorganic semiconductor and cobaloximes catalysts , 2011 .

[15]  T. Kajino,et al.  Direct assembly synthesis of metal complex-semiconductor hybrid photocatalysts anchored by phosphonate for highly efficient CO2 reduction. , 2011, Chemical communications.

[16]  R. Amal,et al.  Reduced graphene oxide as a solid-state electron mediator in Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting under visible light. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[17]  Keiko Uemura,et al.  Photoelectrochemical reduction of CO(2) in water under visible-light irradiation by a p-type InP photocathode modified with an electropolymerized ruthenium complex. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[18]  T. Kajino,et al.  Visible-light-induced selective CO2 reduction utilizing a ruthenium complex electrocatalyst linked to a p-type nitrogen-doped Ta2O5 semiconductor. , 2010, Angewandte Chemie.

[19]  A. Kudo,et al.  A Simple Preparation Method of Visible-Light-Driven BiVO4 Photocatalysts From Oxide Starting Materials (Bi2O3 and V2O5) and Their Photocatalytic Activities , 2010 .

[20]  T. Kajino,et al.  Dual functional modification by N doping of Ta2O5: p-type conduction in visible-light-activated N-doped Ta2O5 , 2010 .

[21]  Bertrand Lavédrine,et al.  Cover Picture: The Nature of the Extraordinary Finish of Stradivari’s Instruments (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1/2010) , 2010 .

[22]  H. Nemoto,et al.  Solar Water Splitting Using Powdered Photocatalysts Driven by Z-Schematic Interparticle Electron Transfer without an Electron Mediator , 2009 .

[23]  Y. Inoue.  Photocatalytic water splitting by RuO2-loaded metal oxides and nitrides with d0- and d10 -related electronic configurations , 2009 .

[24]  A. Kudo,et al.  Heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting. , 2009, Chemical Society reviews.

[25]  Hideki Kato,et al.  The effect of co-catalyst for Z-scheme photocatalysis systems with an Fe3+/Fe2+ electron mediator on overall water splitting under visible light irradiation , 2008 .

[26]  Frank E. Osterloh,et al.  Inorganic Materials as Catalysts for Photochemical Splitting of Water , 2008 .

[27]  A. Kudo,et al.  Role of Iron Ion Electron Mediator on Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting under Visible Light Irradiation Using Z-Scheme Systems , 2007 .

[28]  Akihiko Kudo,et al.  Recent progress in the development of visible light-driven powdered photocatalysts for water splitting , 2007 .

[29]  K. Domen,et al.  Photocatalyst releasing hydrogen from water , 2006, Nature.

[30]  Akihiko Kudo,et al.  Development of photocatalyst materials for water splitting , 2006 .

[31]  Tsuyoshi Takata,et al.  Photocatalytic overall water splitting under visible light by TaON and WO3 with an IO3-/I- shuttle redox mediator. , 2005, Chemical communications.

[32]  A. Kudo,et al.  Construction of Z-scheme Type Heterogeneous Photocatalysis Systems for Water Splitting into H2 and O2 under Visible Light Irradiation , 2004 .

[33]  A. Kudo,et al.  Photocatalytic activities of noble metal ion doped SrTiO3under visible light irradiation , 2004 .

[34]  Hironori Arakawa,et al.  A new photocatalytic water splitting system under visible light irradiation mimicking a Z-scheme mechanism in photosynthesis , 2002 .

[35]  H. Arakawa,et al.  Stoichiometric water splitting into H2 and O2 using a mixture of two different photocatalysts and an IO3-/I- shuttle redox mediator under visible light irradiation. , 2001, Chemical communications.

[36]  K. Domen,et al.  A new type of water splitting system composed of two different TiO2 photocatalysts (anatase, rutile) and a IO3−/I− shuttle redox mediator , 2001 .

[37]  Stuart Licht,et al.  Multiple Band Gap Semiconductor/Electrolyte Solar Energy Conversion , 2001 .

[38]  M. Grätzel.  Photoelectrochemical cells : Materials for clean energy , 2001 .

[39]  Tsuyoshi Takata,et al.  Photo- and Mechano-Catalytic Overall Water Splitting Reactions to Form Hydrogen and Oxygen on Heterogeneous Catalysts , 2000 .

[40]  F. Odobel,et al.  Facile and efficient syntheses of 2,2′-bipyridine-based bis(phosphonic) acids , 1998 .

[41]  Turner,et al.  A monolithic photovoltaic-photoelectrochemical device for hydrogen production via water splitting , 1998, Science.

[42]  A. Deronzier,et al.  Electroreduction of CO2 catalyzed by polymeric [Ru(bpy)(CO)2]n films in aqueous media: Parameters influencing the reaction selectivity , 1998 .

[43]  H. Arakawa,et al.  Photocatalytic decomposition of water into H2 and O2 by a two-step photoexcitation reaction using a WO3 suspension catalyst and an Fe3+/Fe2+ redox system , 1997 .

[44]  P. A. Anderson,et al.  Designed Synthesis of Mononuclear Tris(heteroleptic) Ruthenium Complexes Containing Bidentate Polypyridyl Ligands , 1995 .

[45]  Allen J. Bard,et al.  Artificial Photosynthesis: Solar Splitting of Water to Hydrogen and Oxygen , 1995 .

[46]  A. Deronzier,et al.  Electrochemical elaboration of thin films of poly[RuII(L)(CO)2Cl2] (L = 4-(2-pyrrol-1-ylethyl)-4'-methyl-2-2'-bipyridine or 4,4'-bis(3-pyrrol-1-ylpropyloxy)carbonyl)-2,2'-bipyridine). Photochemical properties and photoimaging , 1993 .

[47]  T. Meyer,et al.  Kinetics of the oxidation of hexaaquoiron(2+) by polypyridine complexes of ruthenium(III). Negative enthalpies of activation , 1973 .

[48]  A. Fujishima,et al.  Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode , 1972, Nature.

[49]  W. Noddack,et al.  Die Verteilung der nutzbaren Metalle in der Erdrinde , 1936 .