Simultaneous quantification of GABA, Glx and GSH in the neonatal human brain using magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Highlights • First simultaneous measurement of GABA+, Glx and GSH in the neonatal human brain.• Robust metabolic estimation in neonates requires a specific quantification strategy.• GABA+ has a doublet peak in neonates indicating lower macromolecular contributions.• Future application can inform about pathophysiology in neurodevelopment.

[1]  A. Ronca,et al.  Longitudinal 1H MRS of rat forebrain from infancy to adulthood reveals adolescence as a distinctive phase of neurometabolite development , 2013, NMR in biomedicine.

[2]  Daniel Rueckert,et al.  The developing human connectome project: A minimal processing pipeline for neonatal cortical surface reconstruction , 2017, NeuroImage.

[3]  Rolf Gruetter,et al.  Developmental and regional changes in the neurochemical profile of the rat brain determined by in vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy , 2003, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[4]  P. Glass,et al.  The metabolomic profile during isoflurane anesthesia differs from propofol anesthesia in the live rodent brain , 2011, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[5]  Wolfgang Bogner,et al.  Spectral editing in 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Experts' consensus recommendations , 2020, NMR in biomedicine.

[6]  Michael Erb,et al.  Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy with metabolite nulling reveals regional differences of macromolecules in normal human brain , 2002, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[7]  C. Rae A Guide to the Metabolic Pathways and Function of Metabolites Observed in Human Brain 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectra , 2013, Neurochemical Research.

[8]  Richard A. E. Edden,et al.  Simultaneous edited MRS of GABA and glutathione , 2016, NeuroImage.

[9]  G. McAlonan,et al.  The contribution of [1H] magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the study of excitation-inhibition in autism , 2019, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.

[10]  Muhammad G Saleh,et al.  Edited 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo: Methods and metabolites , 2017, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[11]  Peter Jezzard,et al.  Efficient γ‐aminobutyric acid editing at 3T without macromolecule contamination: MEGA‐SPECIAL , 2011, NMR in biomedicine.

[12]  M. Feller,et al.  Mechanisms underlying spontaneous patterned activity in developing neural circuits , 2010, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[13]  Maolin Qiu,et al.  GABA, Resting-State Connectivity and the Developing Brain , 2014, Neonatology.

[14]  Wolfgang Bogner,et al.  Motion correction methods for MRS: experts' consensus recommendations , 2020, NMR in biomedicine.

[15]  Michael-Paul Schallmo,et al.  Big GABA: Edited MR spectroscopy at 24 research sites , 2017, NeuroImage.

[16]  C Boesch,et al.  Characterization of the macromolecule baseline in localized 1H‐MR spectra of human brain , 2001, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[17]  R. Edden,et al.  Designing GABA-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies: Considerations of scan duration, signal-to-noise ratio and sample size , 2018, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[18]  Julia Watson,et al.  Brain GABA and glutamate levels across pain conditions: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 1H-MRS studies using the MRS-Q quality assessment tool , 2020, NeuroImage.

[19]  M. Umeda,et al.  In vivo estimation of gamma‐aminobutyric acid levels in the neonatal brain , 2016, NMR in biomedicine.

[20]  M. Sasaki,et al.  Temporal brain metabolite changes in preterm infants with normal development , 2017, Brain and Development.

[21]  R. Edden,et al.  Gannet: A batch‐processing tool for the quantitative analysis of gamma‐aminobutyric acid–edited MR spectroscopy spectra , 2014, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[22]  S. Williams,et al.  Glutathione in the human brain: Review of its roles and measurement by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. , 2017, Analytical biochemistry.

[23]  G. Mandel,et al.  Neuronal activity induces glutathione metabolism gene expression in astrocytes , 2018, Glia.

[24]  H. Koffler,et al.  Fetal and Neonatal Physiology , 1981, Pediatric Research.

[25]  Jeffrey J. Neil,et al.  Transport, monitoring, and successful brain MR imaging in unsedated neonates , 2008, Pediatric Radiology.

[26]  R. Edden,et al.  Testosterone is related to GABA+ levels in the posterior-cingulate in unmedicated depressed women during reproductive life. , 2019, Journal of affective disorders.

[27]  Ashley D Harris,et al.  Tissue correction for GABA‐edited MRS: Considerations of voxel composition, tissue segmentation, and tissue relaxations , 2015, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[28]  M. Garwood,et al.  Simultaneous in vivo spectral editing and water suppression , 1998, NMR in biomedicine.

[29]  Takashi Ogino,et al.  Characterization of macromolecule resonances in the 1H NMR spectrum of rat brain , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[30]  Daniel Rueckert,et al.  The developing human connectome project: A minimal processing pipeline for neonatal cortical surface reconstruction , 2017, NeuroImage.

[31]  C. John Evans,et al.  Current practice in the use of MEGA-PRESS spectroscopy for the detection of GABA , 2014, NeuroImage.

[32]  Luke Bloy,et al.  GABA estimation in the brains of children on the autism spectrum: Measurement precision and regional cortical variation , 2014, NeuroImage.

[33]  Petroc Sumner,et al.  Subtraction artifacts and frequency (Mis‐)alignment in J‐difference GABA editing , 2013, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[34]  N. Gelman,et al.  Neonatal brain: regional variability of in vivo MR imaging relaxation rates at 3.0 T--initial experience. , 2005, Radiology.

[35]  R. Canitano,et al.  Autism Spectrum Disorders and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Excitation/Inhibition Imbalance and Developmental Trajectories , 2017, Front. Psychiatry.

[36]  J. Jamie,et al.  Lysine metabolism in mammalian brain: an update on the importance of recent discoveries , 2013, Amino Acids.

[37]  Michael Schär,et al.  Prospective frequency correction for macromolecule‐suppressed GABA editing at 3T , 2016, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[38]  A. Harris,et al.  Macromolecule suppressed GABA levels show no relationship with age in a pediatric sample , 2021, Scientific reports.

[39]  Theodoros N. Arvanitis,et al.  A constrained least‐squares approach to the automated quantitation of in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy data , 2011, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[40]  Tomoki Arichi,et al.  A dedicated neonatal brain imaging system , 2016, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[41]  Rolf Gruetter,et al.  Direct in vivo measurement of human cerebral GABA concentration using MEGA‐editing at 7 Tesla , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[42]  Sudeepta K. Basu,et al.  Age and Sex Influences Gamma-aminobutyric Acid Concentrations in the Developing Brain of Very Premature Infants , 2020, Scientific Reports.