An upper-bound elemental technique approach to the process design of asymmetric forgings

Abstract An upper-bound elemental technique (UBET) program has been developed to predict forging load, die-cavity filling, preform in asymmetric forging. To analyze the process easily, it is suggested that the deformation is divided into two different parts. Those are axisymmetric part in corner, plane-strain part in lateral. The plane-strain and axisymmetric parts are combined by building block method. The total energy is computed through combination of two deformation parts. A dumbbell-type preform has been obtained from height and volumetric compensations of the billet based on the backward simulation. Experiments have been carried out with pure plasticine at room temperature. Theoretical predictions are in good agreement with experimental results.