Relationship between the direction of mandibular growth and masseter muscle conduction velocity.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscle conduction velocity (MCV) of the masseter muscle and the direction of mandibular growth. METHODS Longitudinal cephalometric X-rays taken at the prepubertal and postpubertal periods of 16 Japanese girls were analyzed. MCV was calculated from the delay in myoelectric signals obtained by using multiple surface electrode arrays placed along the fibers of the left masseter muscle in the postpubertal period. The direction of mandibular growth was evaluated by superimposition of the lateral cephalometric X-rays at the prepubertal and postpubertal periods. The relationship between MCV and the direction of mandibular growth was analyzed statistically. RESULTS MCV was significantly correlated with the vertical facial height at the postpubertal period and the direction of mandibular condyle growth. CONCLUSIONS If the relationship between prepubertal and postpubertal of MCV is clarified, it might be possible to predict the direction of mandibular growth and the vertical facial proportions at the postpubertal period from MCV of the masseter muscle at the prepubertal period.

[1]  C. Coers.  Structure and organization of the myoneural junction. , 1967 .

[2]  J. Ditunno,et al.  Muscle fiber types. , 1982, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[3]  C. D. De Luca,et al.  Effects of muscle fiber type and size on EMG median frequency and conduction velocity. , 1995, Journal of applied physiology.

[4]  J. Walton,et al.  Muscle fibre size in normal infants, children and adolescents. An autopsy study. , 1971, Journal of the neurological sciences.

[5]  R. Armstrong,et al.  Effect of training on enzyme activity and fiber composition of human skeletal muscle. , 1973, Journal of applied physiology.

[6]  L. J. Goldberg,et al.  Relationship among recruitment order, spike amplitude, and twitch tension of single motor units in human masseter muscle. , 1977, Journal of neurophysiology.

[7]  K. Kondo.  Measurement of Muscle Fiber Conduction Velocity of the Masseter Muscle Using Surface Multi-electrodes and Needle Multi-electrodes. , 1993 .

[8]  C. D. De Luca,et al.  Effects of electrode location on myoelectric conduction velocity and median frequency estimates. , 1986, Journal of applied physiology.

[9]  S. Nandedkar,et al.  Simulation of single muscle fibre action potentials , 1983, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[10]  E. Møller.  The chewing apparatus. An electromyographic study of the action of the muscles of mastication and its correlation to facial morphology. , 1966, Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[11]  A G Glaros,et al.  Contributions of Facial Morphology, Age, and Gender to EMG Activity Under Biting and Resting Conditions: A Canonical Correlation Analysis , 1995, Journal of dental research.

[12]  S. Andreassen,et al.  Muscle fibre conduction velocity in motor units of the human anterior tibial muscle: a new size principle parameter. , 1987, The Journal of physiology.

[13]  M. Moss,et al.  The role of the functional matrix in mandibular growth. , 2009, The Angle orthodontist.

[14]  V. Avis.  The relation of the temporal muscle to the form of the coronoid process. , 1959, American journal of physical anthropology.

[15]  F. Buchthal,et al.  Contraction times and fibre types in intact human muscle. , 1970, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[16]  W. Gonyea,et al.  Histochemical study of the masseter muscle in patients with vertical maxillary excess. , 1984, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[17]  H. A. Dahl,et al.  Textbook of Work Physiology: Physiological Bases of Exercise, Fourth Edition , 2003 .

[18]  J. Borg,et al.  Muscle fibre type composition, motoneuron firing properties, axonal conduction velocity and refractory period for foot extensor motor units in dystrophia myotonica. , 1987, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[19]  B. Hillen,et al.  Relationships between Masticatory Muscle Cross-section and Skull Shape , 1984, Journal of dental research.

[20]  A. Woolf,et al.  The innervation of muscle : a biopsy study , 1959 .

[21]  H. Shapiro,et al.  Modification of skull and jaw architecture following removal of the masseter muscle in the rat. , 1955, American journal of physical anthropology.

[22]  T. Masuda,et al.  Fibre conduction velocity and fibre composition in human vastus lateralis , 2004, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.

[23]  A. Björk,et al.  Variations in the Growth Pattern of the Human Mandible: Longitudinal Radiographic Study by the Implant Method , 1963 .

[24]  P. Åstrand,et al.  Textbook of Work Physiology , 1970 .

[25]  K. Tanne,et al.  Relationship between masticatory muscle activity and vertical craniofacial morphology. , 1998, The Angle orthodontist.

[26]  E. Henneman,et al.  Orderly Recruitment of Muscle Action Potentials: Motor Unit Threshold and EMG Amplitude , 1968 .

[27]  A. Thorstensson,et al.  Skeletal muscle fibres and muscle enzyme activities in monozygous and dizygous twins of both sexes. , 1977, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[28]  J. Silny,et al.  Influence of tissue inhomogeneities on noninvasive muscle fiber conduction velocity measurements-investigated by physical and numerical modeling , 1991, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[29]  S. Katsuta,et al.  Heredity of muscle fiber composition and correlated response of the synergistic muscle in rats. , 1996, The American journal of physiology.

[30]  J. P. Lund,et al.  Evidence that peaks in EMG averages can sometimes be caused by inhibition of motoneurons. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[31]  R. Miralles,et al.  Patterns of electromyographic activity in subjects with different skeletal facial types. , 2009, The Angle orthodontist.

[32]  J Hanson,et al.  The effects of repetitive stimulation on the action potential and the twitch of rat muscle. , 1974, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[33]  Håkan Askmark,et al.  Topographical localization of motor endplates in cryosections of whole human muscles , 1984, Muscle & nerve.

[34]  S. Kiliaridis,et al.  Masseter Muscle Thickness Measured by Ultrasonography and its Relation to Facial Morphology , 1991, Journal of dental research.

[35]  A. Brodie.  On the growth pattern of the human head. From the third month to the eighth year of life , 1941 .

[36]  T. van Eijden,et al.  Masseter muscle thickness in growing individuals and its relation to facial morphology. , 1996, Archives of oral biology.

[38]  J. Devincenzo,et al.  Masseter muscle position relative to dentofacial form. , 1970, The Angle orthodontist.

[39]  M. Brooke,et al.  Muscle fiber types: how many and what kind? , 1970, Archives of neurology.

[40]  M. Sjöström,et al.  Growth and development of human muscle: A quantitative morphological study of whole vastus lateralis from childhood to adult age , 1992, Muscle & nerve.

[41]  T. Masuda,et al.  Optimal conditions for the measurement of muscle fibre conduction velocity using surface electrode arrays , 1985, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.