A markov model for investigating the impact of IEEE802.15.4 MAC layer parameters and number of clusters on the performance of wireless sensor networks

In this paper, a new analytical model is presented for cluster-based sensor networks using the non-beacon-enabled mode of IEEE802.15.4 MAC protocol. To accurately investigate the impact of MAC parameters and the number of clusters in the cluster-based networks, a new discrete-time Markov chain model is proposed. To be more realistic and practical, these networks employ time-division multiple access and non-beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 protocols for the intra-cluster and inter-cluster communications, respectively. The model parameters are derived from the characteristics of discrete-time Markov chain models. Three network parameters including packet delivery ratio, packet delay and energy consumption per successful packet transmission are derived from the model for performance evaluation. The results of the proposed model are validated with Monte Carlo simulation results.

[1]  Jyoti Prakash Singh,et al.  A Survey on Successors of LEACH Protocol , 2017, IEEE Access.

[2]  Carlo Fischione,et al.  Analytical Modeling of Multi-hop IEEE 802.15.4 Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[3]  Jianping Zhu,et al.  Performance Analyses and Improvements for the IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA Scheme with Heterogeneous Buffered Conditions , 2012, Sensors.

[4]  H. T. Mouftah,et al.  A Survey of Beacon-Enabled IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[5]  Deyu Lin,et al.  A game theory based energy efficient clustering routing protocol for WSNs , 2017, Wirel. Networks.

[6]  Habib F. Rashvand,et al.  Geographical multi-layered energy-efficient clustering scheme for ad hoc distributed wireless sensor networks , 2016, IET Wirel. Sens. Syst..

[7]  Jin Soo Park,et al.  Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 Non-beacon Mode with Both Uplink and Downlink Traffic in Non-saturated Condition , 2009, MOBILIGHT.

[8]  Md. Humayun Kabir,et al.  Finding the Optimal Percentage of Cluster Heads from a New and Complete Mathematical Model on LEACH , 2010, Wirel. Sens. Netw..

[9]  Debabrata Singh,et al.  Enhanced modified LEACH (EMODLEACH) protocol for WSN , 2015, 2015 International Symposium on Advanced Computing and Communication (ISACC).

[10]  P. V. Naganjaneyulu,et al.  Modified LEACH Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks—A Review , 2018 .

[11]  Abdelfettah Belghith,et al.  LEATCH: Low Energy Adaptive Tier Clustering Hierarchy , 2015, ANT/SEIT.

[12]  Hsiao-Hwa Chen,et al.  An Accurate Markov Model for Slotted CSMA/CA Algorithm in IEEE 802.15.4 Networks , 2008, IEEE Communications Letters.

[13]  Marc St-Hilaire,et al.  A Pareto optimization-based approach to clustering and routing in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2018, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[14]  Yu-Jie Huang,et al.  An Energy Efficient Routing Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2008, 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (aina workshops 2008).

[15]  Rajeev Tripathi,et al.  Optimal number of clusters in wireless sensor networks: An FCM approach , 2010 .

[16]  Carlo Fischione,et al.  Analytical Modelling of IEEE 802.15.4 for Multi-Hop Networks with Heterogeneous Traffic and Hidden Terminals , 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010.

[17]  David K. Hunter,et al.  Four-dimensional Markov chain model of single-hop data aggregation with IEEE 802.15.4 in wireless sensor networks , 2012, Wirel. Networks.

[18]  Pravin Varaiya,et al.  Performance Analysis of Slotted Carrier Sense IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Layer , 2008, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[19]  Pravin Varaiya,et al.  WLC10-5: Performance Analysis of Slotted Carrier Sense IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Layer , 2006, IEEE Globecom 2006.

[20]  Hamid Reza Naji,et al.  A Hospital Healthcare Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Networks , 2013 .

[21]  Carlo Fischione,et al.  A generalized Markov chain model for effective analysis of slotted IEEE 802.15.4 , 2009, 2009 IEEE 6th International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems.

[22]  Pachamuthu Rajalakshmi,et al.  Modeling and Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 Multi-hop Networks for IoT Applications , 2018, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[23]  Daisuke Takahashi,et al.  Wireless telemedicine and m-health: technologies, applications and research issues , 2011, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[24]  Yousef S. Kavian,et al.  SEECH: Scalable Energy Efficient Clustering Hierarchy Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2014, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[25]  Subrat Kar,et al.  A novel approach for finding optimal number of cluster head in wireless sensor network , 2011, 2011 National Conference on Communications (NCC).

[26]  Anurag Kumar,et al.  Performance evaluation of an IEEE 802.15.4 sensor network with a star topology , 2008, Wirel. Networks.

[27]  Li-Chun Wang,et al.  Optimal Number of Clusters in Dense Wireless Sensor Networks: A Cross-Layer Approach , 2009, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol..

[28]  Carlo Fischione,et al.  Modeling and Optimization of the IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol for Reliable and Timely Communications , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[29]  Sumit Roy,et al.  WLC46-2: On the Impact of Clear Channel Assessment on MAC Performance , 2006, IEEE Globecom 2006.

[30]  Jelena V. Misic,et al.  Performance of a beacon enabled IEEE 802.15.4 cluster with downlink and uplink traffic , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[31]  Jelena V. Misic,et al.  Performance of IEEE 802.15.4 beacon enabled PAN with uplink transmissions in non-saturation mode - access delay for finite buffers , 2004, First International Conference on Broadband Networks.

[32]  Adrian Perrig,et al.  ACE: An Emergent Algorithm for Highly Uniform Cluster Formation , 2004, EWSN.

[33]  Jang-Ping Sheu,et al.  Design and analysis of collision free MAC for wireless sensor networks with or without data retransmission , 2017, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[34]  Hind Castel-Taleb,et al.  Modeling and performance evaluation of the IEEE 802.15.4e LLDN mechanism designed for industrial applications in WSNs , 2017, Wirel. Networks.

[35]  M. Cesana,et al.  Analysis of Unslotted IEEE 802.15.4 Networks With Heterogeneous Traffic Classes , 2019, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters.

[36]  Anantha P. Chandrakasan,et al.  An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks , 2002, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[37]  Fathi Amsaad,et al.  H-LEACH: Hybrid-low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy for wireless sensor networks , 2016, 2016 IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology Conference (LISAT).

[38]  Junsoo Lee,et al.  Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 with Non-beacon-enabled CSMA/CA in Non-saturated Condition , 2006, EUC.

[39]  Seyed Ahmad Motamedi,et al.  Performance evaluation of beacon enabled IEEE 802.15.4 network with downlink and uplink traffic and limited retransmission , 2015, Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput..

[40]  Agathoniki Trigoni,et al.  Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4 with real time queueing analysis , 2018, Ad Hoc Networks.

[41]  Wendi Heinzelman,et al.  Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks , 2000, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.