Characteristic-based algorithms for flows in thermochemical nonequilibrium

Novel numerical techniques based upon Steger-Warming, Van Leer, and Roe-type flux splittings are presented in three-dimensional generalized coordinates for the Navier-Stokes equations governing flows out of chemical and thermal equilibrium. Attention is placed on convergence to steady-state solutions with fully coupled chemistry. Time integration schemes including explicit m-stage Runge-Kutta, implicit approximate-factorization, relaxation, and LU decomposition are investigated and compared in terms of residual reduction per unit of CPU time

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