Empirical laws for dilute aqueous solutions of nonpolar gases

Analyses of precise measurements on dilute aqueous solutions of seven nonpolar gases have revealed several empirical laws that may suggest new theoretical approaches to the structure of water and act as critical tests for specific models. Relationships have been discovered among the solution parameters, the thermodynamic properties of the gases, and the molecular parameters of the gases. The properties of the solutions within the 0–50 °C temperature range of the measurements are illuminated by extrapolating the results to examine the way the systems would behave if they obeyed the same rules outside the experimental temperature range as they do within it. The empirical results are: (1) ln(1/k) =A3(T1/T−1) +A2(T1/T−1)2, where T1 is the absolute temperature at which the Henry coefficient k hypothetically would be unity. (2) A2=36.855 is a dimensionless constant universal to the seven gases. It has the thermodynamic significance of being equal to the hypothetical value at the temperature T1 of the difference...