Apoptosis and apoptosis‐associated perturbations of peripheral blood lymphocytes during HIV infection: comparison between AIDS patients and asymptomatic long‐term non‐progressors

This study was designed to compare the degree of lymphocyte apoptosis and Fas–Fas ligand (FasL) expression in AIDS patients and long‐term non‐progressors (LTNPs) and correlate these parameters with apoptosis‐associated perturbations in lymphocyte function. LTNPs had a lower frequency of apoptotic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared with subjects with AIDS. This correlated with a lower frequency of cells expressing Fas and FasL. The frequency of selected lymphocyte populations exhibiting a disrupted mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and increased superoxide generation was lower in LTNPs than in patients with AIDS; these abnormalities were associated with lower levels of caspase‐1 activation in LTNPs. The results indicate a significantly reduced level of apoptosis and apoptosis‐associated parameters in LTNPs than in patients developing AIDS. Based on these findings, a crucial role for mitochondria can be predicted in the process of lymphocyte apoptosis during the evolution of AIDS.

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