Notice of RetractionResponses of soil microbial to long-term elevated CO2 in Pinus sylvestriformis and Pinus koraiensis Seedlings Fields

Responses of soil microbial to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> in Pinus sylvestriformis and Pinus koraiensis Seedlings Fields in summer were investigated. The results indicated bacterial numbers increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) at elevated CO<sub>2</sub> for Pinus sylvestriformis, and it decreased significantly (p ≤0.05) with CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment for Pinus koraiensis. As such, the size of soil microbial biomass C also decreased significantly at 700 μmol/mol CO<sub>2</sub>. Bacterial community structure changed evidently under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> compared to ambient through DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) analysis of bacterial 16S rDNA gene fragments amplified by PCR from DNA extracted directly from soil. Our result also suggested that response of microbial to CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment was relate to plant species exposed to elevated CO<sub>2</sub>.

[1]  P. Niklaus Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil microbiota in calcareous grassland , 1998 .

[2]  Donald A. Ritchie,et al.  The effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on soil bacterial communities , 2000 .

[3]  K. Killham,et al.  Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on C-partitioning and rhizosphere C-flow for three plant species , 1996 .

[4]  P. Curtis,et al.  Atmospheric CO2, soil nitrogen and turnover of fine roots , 1995 .

[5]  K. Pregitzer,et al.  Elevated atmospheric CO2, fine roots and the response of soil microorganisms: a review and hypothesis , 2000 .

[6]  Chapin,et al.  Soil microbial feedbacks to atmospheric CO2 enrichment. , 1999, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[7]  R. B. Jackson,et al.  The fate of carbon in grasslands under carbon dioxide enrichment , 1997, Nature.

[8]  P. Curtis,et al.  ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AND THE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES , 2000 .

[9]  J. Almeida,et al.  Consequences of Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Levels for the Belowground Microbiota Associated with White Oak , 1997 .

[10]  A. Hodge,et al.  Characterisation and microbial utilisation of exudate material from the rhizosphere of Lolium perenne grown under CO2 enrichment , 1998 .

[11]  J. Trevors,et al.  Extraction and detection of baculoviral DNA from lake water, detritus and forest litter , 2001, Journal of applied microbiology.

[12]  R. Rees,et al.  The influence of plants grown under elevated CO2 and N fertilization on soil nitrogen dynamics , 2002 .

[13]  C. Rice,et al.  Carbon dynamics and microbial activity in tallgrass prairie exposed to elevated CO2 for 8 years , 2000, Plant and Soil.

[14]  A. Edwards,et al.  Selective influence of plant species on microbial diversity in the rhizosphere , 1998 .

[15]  G. Kowalchuk,et al.  Analysis of Bacterial Communities in the Rhizosphere of Chrysanthemum via Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of PCR-Amplified 16S rRNA as Well as DNA Fragments Coding for 16S rRNA , 2001, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[16]  J. P. Grime,et al.  Evidence of a feedback mechanism limiting plant response to elevated carbon dioxide , 1993, Nature.

[17]  R. Norby Issues and perspectives for investigating root responses to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide , 1994, Plant and Soil.

[18]  W. Schlesinger,et al.  EFFECTS OF FREE-AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT (FACE) ON BELOWGROUND PROCESSES IN A PINUS TAEDA FOREST , 2000 .

[19]  M. P. Russelle,et al.  Changes in microbial activity and composition in a pasture ecosystem exposed to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide , 2002, Plant and Soil.

[20]  S. Saggar,et al.  Elevated CO2 effects on carbon and nitrogen cycling in grass/clover turves of a Psammaquent soil , 1996, Plant and Soil.

[21]  Chun-jing Zou,et al.  [Photosynthetic characteristics of three tree species seedlings in Changbai Mountain under different CO2 concentrations]. , 1976, Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology.

[22]  T. Boller,et al.  Development of ectomycorrhizas in model beech–spruce ecosystems on siliceous and calcareous soil: a 4-year experiment with atmospheric CO2 enrichment and nitrogen fertilization , 2001, Plant and Soil.

[23]  Z. Cardon Influence of rhizodeposition under elevated CO2 on plant nutrition and soil organic matter , 1995, Plant and Soil.

[24]  R. Mitchell,et al.  Root to shoot ratio of crops as influenced by CO2 , 1995, Plant and Soil.

[25]  E. Kandeler,et al.  Six years of in situ CO2 enrichment evoke changes in soil structure and soil biota of nutrient‐poor grassland , 2003 .

[26]  J. Tiedje,et al.  DNA recovery from soils of diverse composition , 1996, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[27]  E. Kandeler,et al.  Long term CO2 enrichment stimulates N-mineralisation and enzyme activities in calcareous grassland , 2003 .

[28]  T. Boller,et al.  Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Fertilization on Mycorrhizal Fine Roots and the Soil Microbial Community in Beech-Spruce Ecosystems on Siliceous and Calcareous Soil , 2001, Microbial Ecology.