Dementia incidence continues to increase with age in the oldest old: The 90+ study

The oldest old are the fastest growing segment of the US population, and accurate estimates of dementia incidence in this group are crucial for healthcare planning. Although dementia incidence doubles every 5 years from ages 65 to 90 years, it is unknown if this exponential increase continues past age 90 years. Here, we estimate age‐ and sex‐specific incidence rates of all‐cause dementia in people aged 90 years and older, including estimates for centenarians.

[1]  E. Walker,et al.  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 2013 .

[2]  R Brookmeyer,et al.  Prevalence of dementia after age 90 , 2008, Neurology.

[3]  C. Kawas,et al.  Sensitivity and Specificity of the Mini‐Mental State Examination for Identifying Dementia in the Oldest‐Old: The 90+ Study , 2007, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[4]  W. Chan,et al.  Survival among Patients With Dementia from a Large Multi-Ethnic Population , 2005, Alzheimer disease and associated disorders.

[5]  M. Sliwinski,et al.  Dementia incidence may increase more slowly after age 90 , 2005, Neurology.

[6]  D. Berardi,et al.  Different Classification Systems Yield Different Dementia Occurrence among Nonagenarians and Centenarians , 2003, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

[7]  R. Petersen,et al.  Dementia and Alzheimer disease incidence rates do not vary by sex in Rochester, Minn. , 2002, Archives of neurology.

[8]  P. Zandi,et al.  Incidence of AD may decline in the early 90s for men, later for women , 2002, Neurology.

[9]  Anthony F Jorm.  History of Depression as a Risk Factor for Dementia: An Updated Review , 2001, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry.

[10]  Monique M. B. Breteler,et al.  Incidence of dementia: does gender make a difference? , 2001, Neurobiology of Aging.

[11]  J. Copeland,et al.  Dementia in centenarians , 2001, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[12]  Jean-François Dartigues,et al.  Education and Risk for Alzheimer's Disease: Sex Makes a Difference EURODEM Pooled Analyses , 2000 .

[13]  R. Sulkava,et al.  APOE ε4 does not predict mortality, cognitive decline, or dementia in the oldest old , 2000, Neurology.

[14]  A. Hofman,et al.  Rates and risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease , 1999, Neurology.

[15]  K. Hall,et al.  The relationships between age, sex, and the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis. , 1998, Archives of general psychiatry.

[16]  V Hachinski,et al.  The effect of different diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of dementia. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[17]  B. Geiselmann,et al.  In an epidemiological sample the apolipoprotein E4 allele is associated to dementia and loss of memory function only in the very old , 1997, Neuroscience Letters.

[18]  R. Sulkava,et al.  APOE alleles in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in a population aged 85+ , 1996, Neurobiology of Aging.

[19]  C. Clark,et al.  Performance of the Dementia Severity Rating Scale: A Caregiver Questionnaire for Rating Severity in Alzheimer Disease , 1996, Alzheimer disease and associated disorders.

[20]  R. Sulkava,et al.  Lack of association of apolipoprotein E allele ϵ4 with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease among Finnish centenarians , 1995, Neurology.

[21]  KennethRockwood,et al.  The Canadian Study of Health and Aging* , 1994, Neurology.

[22]  L. Thal,et al.  A validation study of the Dementia Questionnaire. , 1994, Archives of neurology.

[23]  E. Teng,et al.  The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI): A Practical Test for Cross-Cultural Epidemiological Studies of Dementia , 1994, International Psychogeriatrics.

[24]  K. Davis,et al.  A Study of the Reliability of the Family History Method in Genetic Sudies of Alzheimer Disease , 1989, Alzheimer disease and associated disorders.

[25]  J. Duchek,et al.  Mild senile dementia of the alzheimer type: 2. Longitudinal assessment , 1988, Annals of neurology.

[26]  Jeremy M. Silverman,et al.  Reliability of the family history method in genetic studies of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. , 1986, The American journal of psychiatry.

[27]  T. Kurosaki,et al.  Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community. , 1982, Journal of gerontology.

[28]  S. Folstein,et al.  “Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician , 1975 .

[29]  S. Katz,et al.  STUDIES OF ILLNESS IN THE AGED. THE INDEX OF ADL: A STANDARDIZED MEASURE OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTION. , 1963, JAMA.

[30]  C. Kawas,et al.  The Behavioral Neurology of Dementia: Dementia and cognition in the oldest-old , 2009 .

[31]  M. Fichter,et al.  Incidence of dementia in a Munich community sample of the oldest old , 2005, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.

[32]  A. Hofman,et al.  Education and the risk for Alzheimer's disease: sex makes a difference. EURODEM pooled analyses. EURODEM Incidence Research Group. , 2000, American journal of epidemiology.

[33]  A. Hofman,et al.  Incidence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group. , 2000, Neurology.

[34]  R. Sulkava,et al.  APOE epsilon4 does not predict mortality, cognitive decline, or dementia in the oldest old. , 2000, Neurology.

[35]  A. Hofman,et al.  Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group. , 2000, Neurology.

[36]  R. Sulkava,et al.  Lack of association of apolipoprotein E allele epsilon 4 with late-onset Alzheimer's disease among Finnish centenarians. , 1995, Neurology.

[37]  O. Hagnell,et al.  Incidence of dementia in the Lundby Study. , 1992, Neuroepidemiology.

[38]  B. Henderson,et al.  Prevalence of chronic disease and health practices in a retirement community. , 1986, Journal of chronic diseases.