Influence of behaviors of magnetic particles in ferrofluids under alternating magnetic fields on harmonic responses

We describe the relationship between the excitation frequency dependence of harmonic signal intensity under alternating magnetic fields and the hydrodynamic size of magnetic particles in ferrofluids. The hydrodynamic size estimated from magnetic susceptibility increases with the increase in ion and particle concentrations in the ferrofluids. The excitation frequency dependence of the fifth-harmonic signal intensity exhibits a minimum point at a certain frequency. The frequency of the minimum point shifts to the lower-frequency range, and after reaching the minimum, it increases with the increase in ion and particle concentrations, reflecting the increase in hydrodynamic size owing to the aggregation of magnetic particles. These behaviors may be useful for applications in ion sensing by a magnetic technique.

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