Cell-free immunity in Cecropia

All higher organisms can in some way defend or protect themselves against their natural flora of bacteria. This applies also to insects which have highly effective immune systems, both cellular and humoral. Many insects respond to an injection of live, non-pathogenic bacteria with the production of a potent cell-free antibacterial activity (for a review see Boman and Hultmark 1987). This phenomenon was first analysed at the molecular level using as a model system the Cecropia moth, Hyalophora cecropia (hereafter referred to as Cecropia). When a diapausing pupa is immunized it turns on the genes for immunity while the rest of the animal remains in a dormant state. Immunized pupae of Cecropia are therefore a system for biological enrichment of the RNA and the proteins which are synthesized from the genes for immunity. We have taken advantage of this fact both in the purification of 15 inducible immune proteins and in the isolation of immune RNA, used for the preparation of a cDNA library. After a short period of RNA synthesis, the insects respond to live bacteria by the production of a potent antibacterial activity which is due to the synthesis of 15–20 immune proteins.

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