Heliothis/ helicoverpa management: emerging trends and strategies for future research

The cotton bollworm/corn earworm/legume pod borer (Heliothis/Helicoverpa) are the most important constraints to increase the production and productivity of crops worldwide (Hardwick 1970; Fitt 1989). These pests damage a wide range of economically important crops including cotton, chickpea, pigeonpea, maize, peas, cowpea, sunflower, sorghum, groundnut, field beans, tobacco, a range of vegetables, fruit crops and tree species.