Recent progress in thulium-doped fiber amplifiers

I review the fast growing progress in thulium doped fiber amplifiers (TDFA) for S-band optical communication systems. The main results reported on pump schemes and amplifiers efficiencies are given. In particular, the characterization of TDFAs regarding distributed gain optimization using the coherent optical frequency domain reflectometry is described, from which the optimum gain-length product for a given configuration can be inferred in a non-invasive and non-destructive way.

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