Possible genotoxic mechanisms of nanoparticles: Criteria for improved test strategies

Abstract We review the mechanisms and pathways whereby nanoparticles might cause genotoxicity. Primary and secondary mechanisms are discussed in relation to the general particle toxicology paradigm. We also discuss how we might improve genotoxicity assays for nanoparticles. In this context we describe the role of the dispersion and the protein corona, the most relevant metric, choice of controls and new endpoints for genotoxicity along with the need for a structure activity model of NP genotoxicity.

[1]  T. Xia,et al.  Toxic Potential of Materials at the Nanolevel , 2006, Science.

[2]  K. Donaldson,et al.  Influence of characteristics of inhaled fibres on development of tumours in the rat lung. , 1999, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[3]  V. Castranova,et al.  Direct and indirect effects of single walled carbon nanotubes on RAW 264.7 macrophages: role of iron. , 2006, Toxicology letters.

[4]  Feng Gao,et al.  Oxidative stress contributes to silica nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity in human embryonic kidney cells. , 2009, Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA.

[5]  B. VanderVen,et al.  Intraphagosomal measurement of the magnitude and duration of the oxidative burst. , 2009, Traffic.

[6]  S. Weitzman,et al.  Asbestos-induced alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction caused by iron-derived free radicals , 2004, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry.

[7]  A. Collins,et al.  Oxidative stress in humans: validation of biomarkers of DNA damage. , 2002, Carcinogenesis.

[8]  J. Carter,et al.  Crocidolite activates NF-kappa B and MIP-2 gene expression in rat alveolar epithelial cells. Role of mitochondrial-derived oxidants. , 1998, Environmental health perspectives.

[9]  P. Borm,et al.  Inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain function abrogates quartz induced DNA damage in lung epithelial cells. , 2007, Mutation research.

[10]  S. Franzen,et al.  Multifunctional gold nanoparticle-peptide complexes for nuclear targeting. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[11]  Y. Rojanasakul,et al.  Inflammation and Lung Cancer: Roles of Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species , 2008, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews.

[12]  Vicki Stone,et al.  Efficacy of Simple Short-Term in Vitro Assays for Predicting the Potential of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles to Cause Pulmonary Inflammation , 2008, Environmental health perspectives.

[13]  Jongheop Yi,et al.  Oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cultured BEAS-2B cells. , 2008, Toxicology letters.

[14]  Min Chen,et al.  Formation of nucleoplasmic protein aggregates impairs nuclear function in response to SiO2 nanoparticles. , 2005, Experimental cell research.

[15]  A E Aust,et al.  Iron mobilization from crocidolite asbestos greatly enhances crocidolite-dependent formation of DNA single-strand breaks in phi X174 RFI DNA. , 1992, Carcinogenesis.

[16]  B. Lehnert,et al.  Correlation between particle size, in vivo particle persistence, and lung injury. , 1994, Environmental health perspectives.

[17]  T. Hei,et al.  Genotoxic responses to titanium dioxide nanoparticles and fullerene in gpt delta transgenic MEF cells , 2009, Particle and Fibre Toxicology.

[18]  Vicki Stone,et al.  Surface modification of quartz inhibits toxicity, particle uptake, and oxidative DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells. , 2002, Chemical research in toxicology.

[19]  M. Oshimura,et al.  Transformation of Mammalian Cells in Culture by Asbestos and Other Mineral Dusts: A Mechanism Involving Chromosomal Mutation , 1985 .

[20]  Wolfgang Kreyling,et al.  Ultrafine Particles Cross Cellular Membranes by Nonphagocytic Mechanisms in Lungs and in Cultured Cells , 2005, Environmental health perspectives.

[21]  J. M. Robinson.  Reactive oxygen species in phagocytic leukocytes , 2008, Histochemistry and Cell Biology.

[22]  Stephen Mann,et al.  Nanoparticles can cause DNA damage across a cellular barrier. , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[23]  Mathias Brust,et al.  Uptake and intracellular fate of surface-modified gold nanoparticles. , 2008, ACS nano.

[24]  A. Kane.  Mechanisms of mineral fibre carcinogenesis. , 1996, IARC scientific publications.

[25]  David M. Brown,et al.  Proinflammogenic Effects of Low-Toxicity and Metal Nanoparticles In Vivo and In Vitro: Highlighting the Role of Particle Surface Area and Surface Reactivity , 2007, Inhalation toxicology.

[26]  Craig A. Poland,et al.  Carbon nanotubes introduced into the abdominal cavity of mice show asbestos-like pathogenicity in a pilot study. , 2008, Nature nanotechnology.

[27]  Yuesi Wang,et al.  Intracellular oxidative stress and cadmium ions release induce cytotoxicity of unmodified cadmium sulfide quantum dots. , 2009, Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA.

[28]  A. Nel,et al.  Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. , 2002, Environmental health perspectives.

[29]  Roel P F Schins,et al.  Genotoxicity of Poorly Soluble Particles , 2007, Inhalation toxicology.

[30]  M. Hande,et al.  Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in human cells. , 2009, ACS nano.

[31]  Markus Schulz,et al.  Genotoxicity investigations on nanomaterials: methods, preparation and characterization of test material, potential artifacts and limitations--many questions, some answers. , 2009, Mutation research.

[32]  K. Dawson,et al.  Detecting Cryptic Epitopes Created by Nanoparticles , 2006, Science's STKE.

[33]  B. Fubini.  Surface chemistry and quartz hazard. , 1998, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[34]  A. Hartwig,et al.  Carcinogenic metal compounds: recent insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms , 2008, Archives of Toxicology.

[35]  T. Hei,et al.  Genotoxic Effects of Particles , 2006 .

[36]  Catrin Albrecht,et al.  Cellular responses to nanoparticles: Target structures and mechanisms , 2007 .

[37]  Laetitia Gonzalez,et al.  Genotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials: A critical review , 2008 .