Obtaining a better understanding about travel-related purchase intentions among senior users of mobile social network sites

Abstract Although a majority of seniors continue to express interest in using mobile social network sites (MSNSs), research has yet to provide sufficient understanding of this very large market’s motivations related to MSNS usage. As a viable consumer business segment, seniors are attractive enough to warrant potential MSNSs to invest necessary capital for developing tourism related MSNS designed to assist with this market’s decision making and ultimately with their purchasing behavior. To address this gap, a research model was developed for this study using seniors having used MSNSs for purposes directly related to tourism and travel. Findings revealed intrinsic motivations had stronger effects on flow experience than did extrinsic motivations. Flow experience was found to have the greatest effect on subjective well-being, which in turn highly influenced purchase intention. Results documented that senior MSNS users differed significantly according to levels of anxiety attachment. Findings provide theoretical and practical contributions for tourism research, products, and services regarding senior MSNS consumers.

[1]  K. Asakawa,et al.  Flow Experience, Culture, and Well-being: How Do Autotelic Japanese College Students Feel, Behave, and Think in Their Daily Lives? , 2010 .

[2]  Geneviève A. Mageau,et al.  Ruminations and Flow: Why Do People with a More Harmonious Passion Experience Higher Well-Being? , 2011, Journal of Happiness Studies.

[3]  Yung-Ming Cheng.  Exploring the roles of interaction and flow in explaining nurses' e-learning acceptance. , 2013, Nurse education today.

[4]  P. Shaver,et al.  Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change , 2007 .

[5]  Namho Chung,et al.  Why people use social networking services in Korea , 2014 .

[6]  K. Bartholomew,et al.  Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model. , 1991, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[7]  P. M. Podsakoff,et al.  Self-Reports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects , 1986 .

[8]  Rohit Verma,et al.  Customer Preferences for Online, Social Media, and Mobile Innovations in the Hospitality Industry , 2012 .

[9]  Mikko Rönkkö,et al.  A Critical Examination of Common Beliefs About Partial Least Squares Path Modeling , 2013 .

[10]  Li-Ting Huang,et al.  A Comparative Study on the Flow Experience in Web-Based and Text-Based Interaction Environments , 2011, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[11]  Joseph F. Hair,et al.  Estimation issues with PLS and CBSEM: Where the bias lies! ☆ , 2016 .

[12]  Michael Joseph S. Diño,et al.  Using Partial Least Squares (PLS) in Predicting Behavioral Intention for Telehealth Use among Filipino Elderly , 2015 .

[13]  Beverlee B. Anderson,et al.  The Under-50 and Over-50 Travelers: A Profile of Similarities and Differences , 1982 .

[14]  S. Kiesler,et al.  Applying Common Identity and Bond Theory to Design of Online Communities , 2007 .

[15]  REZHA NORIZAN,et al.  FACTOR INFLUENCING THE USE OF SMART PHONE BY MALAYSIAN’S ELDERLY , 2014 .

[16]  J. Edwards,et al.  Partial least squares path modeling: Time for some serious second thoughts , 2016 .

[17]  Elena Karahanna,et al.  Time Flies When You're Having Fun: Cognitive Absorption and Beliefs About Information Technology Usage , 2000, MIS Q..

[18]  A. Chu,et al.  The Outcomes of Anxiety, Confidence, and Self-efficacy With Internet Health Information Retrieval in Older Adults: A Pilot Study , 2010, Computers, informatics, nursing : CIN.

[19]  David Meyer,et al.  The role of perceived enjoyment and social norm in the adoption of technology with network externalities , 2008, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[20]  Anthony Faiola,et al.  Correlating the effects of flow and telepresence in virtual worlds: Enhancing our understanding of user behavior in game-based learning , 2013, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[21]  Deborah Compeau,et al.  Computer Self-Efficacy: Development of a Measure and Initial Test , 1995, MIS Q..

[22]  Nathalia Purnawirawan,et al.  Balance and Sequence in Online Reviews: How Perceived Usefulness Affects Attitudes and Intentions , 2012 .

[23]  T. Nef,et al.  Social networking sites and older users – a systematic review , 2013, International Psychogeriatrics.

[24]  J. Heo,et al.  Daily experience of serious leisure, flow and subjective well‐being of older adults , 2010 .

[25]  Rahmatollah Fattahi,et al.  Databases' interface interactivity and user self-efficacy: Two mediators for flow experience and scientific behavior improvement , 2014, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[26]  Marios Koufaris,et al.  Applying the Technology Acceptance Model and Flow Theory to Online Consumer Behavior , 2002, Inf. Syst. Res..

[27]  K. Robertson.  The Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds , 2009, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[28]  Changsok Yoo,et al.  An analysis of the utilization of Facebook by local Korean governments for tourism development and the network of smart tourism ecosystem , 2016, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[29]  Namho Chung,et al.  Factors Affecting Online Tourism Group Buying and the Moderating Role of Loyalty , 2014 .

[30]  Shan Liu,et al.  The effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on mobile coupon sharing in social network sites: The role of coupon proneness , 2016, Internet Res..

[31]  Thompson S. H. Teo,et al.  Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in Internet usage , 1999 .

[32]  Dennis Ahrholdt,et al.  Enhancing Service Loyalty , 2017 .

[33]  Paul Benjamin Lowry,et al.  Partial Least Squares (PLS) Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for Building and Testing Behavioral Causal Theory: When to Choose It and How to Use It , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication.

[34]  Paul E. Spector,et al.  Methodological Urban Legends: The Misuse of Statistical Control Variables , 2011 .

[35]  Risto Rajala,et al.  Flow in context: Development and validation of the flow experience instrument for social networking , 2016, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[36]  E. Winner,et al.  Flow and Happiness in Later Life: An Investigation into the Role of Daily and Weekly Flow Experiences , 2009 .

[37]  A. Kaplan.  If you love something, let it go mobile: Mobile marketing and mobile social media 4x4 , 2012 .

[38]  T. Seifert,et al.  Intrinsic Motivation and Flow in Skateboarding: An Ethnographic Study , 2010 .

[39]  Joar Vittersø.  Subjective Well-Being versus Self-Actualization: Using the Flow-Simplex to Promote a Conceptual Clarification of Subjective Quality of Life , 2004 .

[40]  Eunju Lee,et al.  The Relationship of Motivation and Flow Experience to Academic Procrastination in University Students , 2005, The Journal of genetic psychology.

[41]  Leif R. Hedman,et al.  Using information technology: engagement modes, flow experience, and personality orientations , 2006, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[42]  Belén Mesurado,et al.  Engagement, Flow, Self-Efficacy, and Eustress of University Students: A Cross-National Comparison Between the Philippines and Argentina , 2016, The Journal of psychology.

[43]  Zillur Rahman,et al.  Mobile Social Media: The New Hybrid Element of Digital Marketing Communications☆ , 2015 .

[44]  P. Norris.  Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide , 2001 .

[45]  D. Campbell,et al.  Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. , 1959, Psychological bulletin.

[46]  J. Hair.  Multivariate data analysis , 1972 .

[47]  Marko Sarstedt,et al.  International Conference on Information Systems ( ICIS ) 2010 INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY DESIGN ON USER BEHAVIORS IN ONLINE COMMUNITIES , 2017 .

[48]  C. Wu,et al.  Understanding Consumer Responses to Travel Websites from Online Shopping Value and Flow Experience Perspectives , 2014 .

[49]  Wynne W. Chin,et al.  A Partial Least Squares Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Measuring Interaction Effects: Results from a Monte Carlo Simulation Study and an Electronic - Mail Emotion/Adoption Study , 2003, Inf. Syst. Res..

[50]  KwakKyu Tae,et al.  SNS flow, SNS self-disclosure and post hoc interpersonal relations change , 2014 .

[51]  Jai E. Jung,et al.  Identifying and ranking cultural heritage resources on geotagged social media for smart cultural tourism services , 2016, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing.

[52]  José L. Roldán,et al.  European management research using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) , 2015 .

[53]  J. Heo,et al.  Flow Experience in the Daily Lives of Older Adults: An Analysis of the Interaction between Flow, Individual Differences, Serious Leisure, Location, and Social Context , 2010, Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement.

[54]  Mikko Rönkkö,et al.  On the adoption of partial least squares in psychological research: Caveat emptor , 2015 .

[55]  Garry Wei-Han Tan,et al.  Why consumers adopt mobile payment? A partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach , 2015, Int. J. Mob. Commun..

[56]  Choong-Ki Lee,et al.  Seniors' loyalty to social network sites: Effects of social capital and attachment , 2016, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[57]  Y. Oguma,et al.  The Relationship Between Flow Experience and Sense of Coherence: A 1-Year Follow-up Study , 2014, Holistic nursing practice.

[58]  Yong Liu,et al.  The effect of flow experience on mobile SNS users' loyalty , 2010, Ind. Manag. Data Syst..

[59]  M. Ainsworth.  Attachments beyond infancy. , 1989, The American psychologist.

[60]  William B. Dodds,et al.  Effects of Price, Brand, and Store Information on Buyers’ Product Evaluations , 1991 .

[61]  X. Leung,et al.  How Motivation, Opportunity, and Ability Impact Travelers' Social Media Involvement and Revisit Intention , 2013 .

[62]  Yoon Hyung Choi,et al.  Age Differences in Online Social Networking: Extending Socioemotional Selectivity Theory to Social Network Sites , 2015, Journal of broadcasting & electronic media.

[63]  A. Faber.  Finding Flow The Psychology Of Engagement With Everyday Life , 2016 .

[64]  Rachel Kowert,et al.  Attachment style, social skills, and Facebook use amongst adults , 2013, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[65]  E. Deci,et al.  Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[66]  Edward E. Rigdon,et al.  Choosing PLS path modeling as analytical method in European management research: A realist perspective , 2016 .

[67]  Thompson S. H. Teo,et al.  Web-enabled supply chain management: Key antecedents and performance impacts , 2011, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[68]  Bernard C. Y. Tan,et al.  A Cross-Cultural Study on Escalation of Commitment Behavior in Software Projects , 2000, MIS Q..

[69]  A. Maslow.  A Theory of Human Motivation , 1943 .

[70]  Myung Ja Kim,et al.  The effect of social capital and altruism on seniors' revisit intention to social network sites for tourism-related purposes , 2016 .

[71]  W. B. Fain,et al.  Social media gerontology: Understanding social media usage among older adults , 2015, Web Intell..

[72]  Miriam J. Metzger,et al.  Social media self-efficacy and information evaluation online , 2014, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[73]  Kuo-Chien Chang.  Examining the Effect of Tour Guide Performance, Tourist Trust, Tourist Satisfaction, and Flow Experience on Tourists' Shopping Behavior , 2014 .

[74]  Stowe Shoemaker,et al.  Age and cohort effects: The American senior tourism market , 2014 .

[75]  Anja K. Leist,et al.  Social Media Use of Older Adults: A Mini-Review , 2013, Gerontology.

[76]  L. Monique Ward,et al.  Keeping tabs: Attachment anxiety and electronic intrusion in high school dating relationships , 2016, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[77]  Ana María Munar,et al.  Motivations for sharing tourism experiences through social media , 2014 .

[78]  Doo Young Lee,et al.  The role of attachment style in building social capital from a social networking site: The interplay of anxiety and avoidance , 2013, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[79]  T. Hooley.  What is online research , 2012 .

[80]  Jong-Chao Hong,et al.  Computer Self-Efficacy, Competitive Anxiety and Flow State: Escaping from Firing Online Game , 2012 .

[81]  Donna L. Hoffman,et al.  Measuring the Customer Experience in Online Environments: A Structural Modeling Approach , 2000 .

[82]  Youjae Yi,et al.  What influences the relationship between customer satisfaction and repurchase intention? Investigating the effects of adjusted expectations and customer loyalty , 2004 .

[83]  Sung-joon Yoon,et al.  Does social capital affect SNS usage? A look at the roles of subjective well-being and social identity , 2014, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[84]  Evelyne F. Vallières,et al.  Motivation and gambling involvement. , 1995, The Journal of social psychology.

[85]  Sarah Hyde,et al.  No country for older people? Age and the digital divide , 2009, J. Inf. Commun. Ethics Soc..

[86]  Jaehee Cho,et al.  Roles of Smartphone App Use in Improving Social Capital and Reducing Social Isolation , 2015, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[87]  V. Daniel R. Guide,et al.  Notes from the Editors: Redefining some methodological criteria for the journal ☆ , 2015 .

[88]  Fred D. Davis.  Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology , 1989, MIS Q..

[89]  Carlos Duarte,et al.  Designing a Facebook Interface for Senior Users , 2014, TheScientificWorldJournal.

[90]  Anol Bhattacherjee,et al.  Influence Processes for Information Technology Acceptance: An Elaboration Likelihood Model , 2006, MIS Q..

[91]  Junqi Shi,et al.  The Moderating Role of Attachment Anxiety on Social Network Site Use Intensity and Social Capital , 2013, Psychological reports.

[92]  J. Stevens.  Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences , 1986 .

[93]  Hans van der Heijden,et al.  User Acceptance of Hedonic Information Systems , 2004, MIS Q..

[94]  R. Gonzalez.  Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences , 2003 .

[95]  Tien-Ming Cheng,et al.  The Causal Relationships among Recreational Involvement, Flow Experience, and Well-being for Surfing Activities , 2015 .

[96]  Alan Julian Izenman,et al.  Modern Factor Analysis, 3rd Edition Revised.@@@Methods in Geomathematics. Volume I: Geological Factor Analysis. , 1978 .

[97]  Scott B. MacKenzie,et al.  Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[98]  Ming-Yueh Hwang,et al.  Elders' Usability, Dependability, and Flow Experiences on Embodied Interactive Video Games , 2011 .

[99]  Jyh-Tsorng Jong,et al.  From Fingers to Embodiment: A Study on the Relations of the Usability, Dependability of the Embodied Interactive Video Games and the Elders' Flow Experience , 2009, Edutainment.

[100]  Giovanni B. Moneta,et al.  Opportunity for creativity in the job as a moderator of the relation between trait intrinsic motivation and flow in work , 2012 .

[101]  Kerk F. Kee,et al.  Is There Social Capital in a Social Network Site?: Facebook Use and College Students’ Life Satisfaction, Trust, and Participation 1 , 2009 .

[102]  Marko Sarstedt,et al.  An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research , 2012 .

[103]  Bong Gyou Lee,et al.  SNS flow, SNS self-disclosure and post hoc interpersonal relations change: Focused on Korean Facebook user , 2014, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[104]  R. L. Babcock,et al.  Computer anxiety in young and older adults: Implications for human-computer interactions in older populations , 1997 .

[105]  T. Marshall,et al.  Attachment styles as predictors of Facebook‐related jealousy and surveillance in romantic relationships , 2013 .

[106]  J. Bowlby,et al.  The Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds , 1977, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[107]  Detmar W. Straub,et al.  Common Beliefs and Reality About PLS , 2014 .

[108]  H. Harman.  Modern factor analysis , 1961 .

[109]  Aaron Smith,et al.  U.S. Smartphone Use in 2015 , 2015 .

[110]  Rolph E. Anderson,et al.  Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed. , 2009 .

[111]  A. Bandura,et al.  Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation. , 1981 .

[112]  Natalya N. Bazarova,et al.  Self‐Disclosure in Social Media: Extending the Functional Approach to Disclosure Motivations and Characteristics on Social Network Sites , 2014 .

[113]  Namho Chung,et al.  The effect of perceived trust on electronic commerce: Shopping online for tourism products and services in South Korea , 2011 .

[114]  Rebecca Walker Naylor,et al.  Beyond the “Like” Button: The Impact of Mere Virtual Presence on Brand Evaluations and Purchase Intentions in Social Media Settings , 2012 .

[115]  Stefanie Ringelhan,et al.  Does skills–demands compatibility result in intrinsic motivation? Experimental test of a basic notion proposed in the theory of flow-experiences , 2011 .

[116]  A. Hausman,et al.  The effect of web interface features on consumer online purchase intentions , 2009 .

[117]  José L. Roldán,et al.  Prediction-oriented modeling in business research by means of PLS path modeling: Introduction to a JBR special section , 2016 .

[118]  A. Waterman,et al.  The Implications of Two Conceptions of Happiness (Hedonic Enjoyment and Eudaimonia) for the Understanding of Intrinsic Motivation , 2008 .

[119]  Jeffrey J. Martin,et al.  An Exploratory Study of Flow and Motivation in Theater Actors , 2002 .

[120]  A. Bandura.  Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. , 1977, Psychology Review.

[121]  Fazli Yildirim,et al.  Marketing Efforts Related to Social Media Channels and Mobile Application Usage in Tourism: Case Study in Istanbul , 2015 .