Dielectric Resonator-Based Passive Chipless Tag With Angle-of-Arrival Sensing

Passive chipless tags based on dielectric resonators (DRs) have been proposed for a novel millimeter-wave indoor self-localization system to mark fixed reference nodes. The tags employed in the system provide a unique spectral signature (resonance peaks) with much-increased radar cross section (RCS) by placing several identical DRs at the focal line of a spherical dielectric lens. Resonators of optimized geometry allow a modification of this original DR-lens tag by combining the lens with different size DRs which exhibit resonant frequencies separated by large frequency gaps. For easier manufacturing and testing, a demonstrator tag was designed for a “scaled” frequency range of 5–6 GHz with this configuration and is shown to produce spectral signatures of the monostatic RCS which are uniquely related to the angle of arrival (AoA) of the incident wave from a reader. Simulated signatures of a lens of 120-mm diameter with seven spherical DRs are presented and results are supported by experiment. Correlation processing of the signatures can give a resolution of few degrees in AoA while the bistatic RCS half-power beamwidth is on the order of 20°, and RCS levels of resonant peaks are produced between 0 and −6 dBm2.

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