Magnetic and magnetic inverse spin Hall effects in a non-collinear antiferromagnet

The spin Hall effect (SHE)1–5 achieves coupling between charge currents and collective spin dynamics in magnetically ordered systems and is a key element of modern spintronics6–9. However, previous research has focused mainly on non-magnetic materials, so the magnetic contribution to the SHE is not well understood. Here we show that antiferromagnets have richer spin Hall properties than do non-magnetic materials. We find that in the non-collinear antiferromagnet10 Mn3Sn, the SHE has an anomalous sign change when its triangularly ordered moments switch orientation. We observe contributions to the SHE (which we call the magnetic SHE) and the inverse SHE (the magnetic inverse SHE) that are absent in non-magnetic materials and that can be dominant in some magnetic materials, including antiferromagnets. We attribute the dominance of this magnetic mechanism in Mn3Sn to the momentum-dependent spin splitting that is produced by non-collinear magnetic order. This discovery expands the horizons of antiferromagnet spintronics and spin–charge coupling mechanisms.A magnetic contribution to the spin Hall effect is observed in the non-collinear antiferromagnet Mn3Sn, which is attributed to momentum-dependent spin splitting produced by non-collinear magnetic order.

[1]  H. Kontani,et al.  Indication of intrinsic spin Hall effect in 4d and 5d transition metals , 2010, 1008.0158.

[2]  M. D. Stiles,et al.  Spin transfer torques generated by the anomalous Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance , 2014, 1411.4863.

[3]  A. Brataas,et al.  Spin-motive forces and current-induced torques in ferromagnets , 2015, 1503.01899.

[4]  D. D. Awschalom,et al.  Observation of the Spin Hall Effect in Semiconductors , 2004, Science.

[5]  D. Ralph,et al.  Spin-Torque Switching with the Giant Spin Hall Effect of Tantalum , 2012, Science.

[6]  A. Nugroho,et al.  Anomalous Nernst effect in a microfabricated thermoelectric element made of chiral antiferromagnet Mn3Sn , 2017 .

[7]  A. Brataas,et al.  Enhanced gilbert damping in thin ferromagnetic films. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[8]  Muhammad Ikhlas,et al.  Large anomalous Nernst effect at room temperature in a chiral antiferromagnet , 2017, Nature Physics.

[9]  T. Higo,et al.  Large anomalous Hall effect in a non-collinear antiferromagnet at room temperature , 2015, Nature.

[10]  S. Maekawa,et al.  Giant enhancement of spin accumulation and long-distance spin precession in metallic lateral spin valves. , 2011, Nature materials.

[11]  A. Aronov,et al.  Nuclear electric resonance and orientation of carrier spins by an electric field , 1989 .

[12]  J. Sinova,et al.  Spin Hall effects , 2015 .

[13]  Charles R. Westgate,et al.  The Hall effect and its applications , 1980 .

[14]  Anomalous Hall effect arising from noncollinear antiferromagnetism. , 2013, Physical review letters.

[15]  Eiji Saitoh,et al.  Conversion of spin current into charge current at room temperature: Inverse spin-Hall effect , 2006 .

[16]  C. Felser,et al.  Spin-Polarized Current in Noncollinear Antiferromagnets. , 2017, Physical review letters.

[17]  Xiaofeng Jin,et al.  Proper scaling of the anomalous Hall effect. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[18]  J. Hirsch.  Spin Hall Effect , 1999, cond-mat/9906160.

[19]  M. Harder,et al.  Analysis of the line shape of electrically detected ferromagnetic resonance , 2011, 1105.3236.

[20]  R. Arita,et al.  Cluster multipole theory for anomalous Hall effect in antiferromagnets , 2016, 1611.06042.

[21]  S Takahashi,et al.  Room-temperature reversible spin Hall effect. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[22]  F. Freimuth,et al.  Direct and inverse spin-orbit torques , 2014, 1406.3866.

[23]  R. Birss,et al.  Symmetry and magnetism , 1964 .

[24]  F. Freimuth,et al.  Spin-orbit torques in Co/Pt(111) and Mn/W(001) magnetic bilayers from first principles , 2013, 1305.4873.

[25]  Jairo Sinova,et al.  Experimental observation of the spin-Hall effect in a two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled semiconductor system. , 2005 .

[26]  D. Culcer,et al.  Interband coherence response to electric fields in crystals: Berry-phase contributions and disorder effects , 2017 .

[27]  I. Garate,et al.  Influence of a Transport Current on Magnetic Anisotropy , 2009, 0905.3856.

[28]  T. Jungwirth,et al.  Spin Hall effect devices. , 2012, Nature materials.

[29]  V. M. Edelstein.  Spin polarization of conduction electrons induced by electric current in two-dimensional asymmetric electron systems , 1990 .

[30]  Yoichi Ando,et al.  Spin-electricity conversion induced by spin injection into topological insulators. , 2014, Physical review letters.