RELATIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF CONCENTRATION OF INORGANIC SULFATE IN THE SERUM AND OF ITS RENAL CLEARANCE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIFFUSE ARTERIOLAR DISEASE WITH HYPERTENSION

The accumulation of inorganic sulfate in human serum above normal limits in advanced stages of renal disease was first observed by Denis 1 in 1921. Subsequent work by various groups of investigators (Denis and Hobson; 2 Loeb and Benedict; 3 Cope; 4 Hayman and Johnston 5 ) substantiated these observations. Wakefield, Power and Keith 6 pointed out that sulfate, the concentration of which normally is not in excess of 5.5 mg. 7 per hundred cubic centimeters of serum, in an appreciable number of cases actually is the first substance to accumulate in the blood of patients with early renal insufficiency. Macy, 8 amplifying the scope of the problem, investigated the clearance of inorganic sulfate. He found a certain number of patients in whom renal damage could be expected to exist whose clearance of inorganic sulfate was less than 20 cc. per minute (which he considered the lower limit of normal), whereas with none of the other tests of renal

[1]  E. G. Wakefield,et al.  Concentration of serum sulfate during pregnancy and in pre-eclamptic toxemia , 1939 .

[2]  E. G. Wakefield,et al.  EVALUATION OF THE CONCENTRATION OF SERUM SULFATE , 1939 .

[3]  N. M. Keith,et al.  Some different types of essential hypertension: their course and prognosis. , 1939 .

[4]  A. Goudsmit,et al.  THE EXCRETION OF SULFATES BY THE DOG , 1939 .

[5]  J. Shannon.  UREA EXCRETION IN THE NORMAL DOG DURING FORCED DIURESIS , 1938 .

[6]  H. W. Smith,et al.  THE EXCRETION OF UREA IN NORMAL MAN AND IN SUBJECTS WITH GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. , 1938, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[7]  L. Chesley.  UREA EXCRETION AT LOW URINE VOLUMES. THE CALCULATION OF "MINIMAL" UREA CLEARANCES. , 1938, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[8]  J. W. Macy.  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE INORGANIC SULPHATE CLEARANCE IN RENAL DISEASE , 1934 .

[9]  N. M. Keith,et al.  THE RENAL EXCRETION OF SUCROSE, XYLOSE, UREA AND INORGANIC SULPHATES IN NORMAL MAN: COMPARISON OF SIMULTANEOUS CLEARANCES , 1934 .

[10]  H. White,et al.  A COMPARISON OF THE CLEARANCES OF VARIOUS URINARY CONSTITUENTS , 1933 .

[11]  S. M. Johnston,et al.  THE EXCRETION OF INORGANIC SULPHATES. , 1932, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[12]  S. L. Tompsett,et al.  Observations on the inorganic sulphate content of the blood in eclampsia. , 1932 .

[13]  D. D. Van Slyke,et al.  STUDIES OF UREA EXCRETION: VI. Comparison of the Blood Urea Clearance with Certain Other Measures of Renal Function. , 1930, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[14]  E. Mackay,et al.  THE CONCENTRATION OF UREA IN THE BLOOD OF NORMAL INDIVIDUALS. , 1927, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[15]  R. Loeb,et al.  INORGANIC SULPHATES IN HUMAN BLOOD. , 1927, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[16]  W. Denis,et al.  A STUDY OF THE INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE BLOOD SERUM IN NEPHRITIS , 1923 .

[17]  D. Drury.  THE RATE OF UREA EXCRETION VI. THE EFFECT OF VERY HIGH BLOOD UREA CONCENTRATIONS ON THE RATE OF UREA EXCRETION , 1923 .

[18]  W. Denis.  SULFATES IN BLOOD , 1921 .

[19]  T. Addis,et al.  THE RATE OF UREA EXCRETION III. THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN BLOOD UREA CONCENTRATION ON THE RATE OF UREA EXCRETION , 1917 .

[20]  D. V. Slyke,et al.  THE DETERMINATION OF UREA BY THE UREASE METHOD , 1916 .

[21]  N. M. Keith,et al.  The renal excretion of sucrose when injected intravenously in man. , 1933 .