An overview of the emerging warm mix asphalt technology

The asphalt industry is constantly attempting to reduce its emissions as concerns are growing on global warming. This is done by decreasing the mixing and compaction temperatures of asphalt mixtures without affecting the properties of the mix which is possible through numerous available technologies in the industry. The production of asphalt mix is done by warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology at considerably lower temperatures (120°C or lower). Less energy consumption, lower mixing and compaction temperatures, early site opening, reduced ageing, fewer emissions, cool weather paving, better workability and, finally, an extended paving window could be mentioned as some of the benefits obtained by using the WMA. This paper presents the WMA techniques and technologies such as foaming techniques, wax and chemical additives techniques. Additionally, the performance of WMA popular technologies such as Sasobit®, WAM®-Foam, Evotherm®, Low energy asphalt, Rediset® WMX and REVIX™ are fully described.

[1]  U. Isacsson,et al.  Influence of commercial waxes and polyphosphoric acid on bitumen and asphalt concrete performance at low and medium temperatures , 2007 .

[2]  O. Kristjansdottir,et al.  Warm Mix Asphalt for Cold Weather Paving , 2006 .

[3]  N. Bueche,et al.  Warm asphalt bituminous mixtures with regards to energy, emissions and performance , 2009 .

[4]  Serji N. Amirkhanian,et al.  Influence of Warm Mix Additives on PMA Mixture Properties , 2012 .

[5]  Brian D Prowell,et al.  Evaluation of Evotherm® for use in Warm Mix Asphalt , 2006 .

[6]  Ólöf Kristjánsdóttir.  WARM MIX ASPHALT TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION , 2007 .

[7]  B G Koenders,et al.  INNOVATIVE PROCESS IN ASPHALT PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION TO OBTAIN LOWER OPERATING TEMPERATURES , 2000 .

[8]  Rajib B. Mallick,et al.  Using Warm-Mix Asphalt Technology to Incorporate High Percentage of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material in Asphalt Mixtures , 2008 .

[9]  Sheng Zhao,et al.  Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Warm-Mix Asphalt Containing High Percentages of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement , 2012 .

[10]  Björn Birgisson,et al.  Low temperature cracking performance of WMA with the use of the Superpave indirect tensile test , 2012 .

[11]  B D Prowell,et al.  STARTING TO WARM : CONTRACTORS IN THE U.S. ARE BEGINNING TO APPLY NEW ASPHALT MIX , 2005 .

[12]  Ali Jamshidi,et al.  Evaluation of the potential of Sasobit® to reduce required heat energy and CO2 emission in the asphalt industry , 2010 .

[13]  Meiling Li,et al.  Testing and Evaluation of Sasobit on the Performances of Asphalt Rubber , 2011 .

[14]  Zhanping You,et al.  Mechanical Properties of Warm Mix Asphalt Using Aspha-min® , 2008 .

[15]  Brian D Prowell,et al.  Evaluation of Aspha-Min® Zeolite for Use in Warm Mix Asphalt , 2005 .

[16]  B. Prowell,et al.  Warm-mix asphalt: best practices , 2011 .

[17]  Andrew Wimsatt,et al.  A Synthesis of Warm-Mix Asphalt , 2007 .

[18]  R. E. Link,et al.  Effects of Various Long-Term Aging Procedures on the Rheological Properties of Laboratory Prepared Rubberized Asphalt Binders , 2009 .

[19]  Md. Zahid Hossain.  Evaluation of rheological properties of asphalt binders for pavement design applications , 2011 .

[20]  Ali Jamshidi,et al.  Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt containing Sasobit®: State-of-the-art , 2013 .

[21]  Joel Oliveira,et al.  Optimization of warm mix asphalts using different blends of binders and synthetic paraffin wax contents , 2010 .

[22]  Serji N. Amirkhanian,et al.  Laboratory investigation of the influence of warm asphalt additives on long-term performance properties of CRM binders , 2010 .

[23]  Serji N. Amirkhanian,et al.  Fatigue behavior of rubberized asphalt concrete mixtures containing warm asphalt additives , 2009 .

[24]  Serji N. Amirkhanian,et al.  Effects of Compaction Temperature on Volumetric Properties of Rubberized Mixes Containing Warm-Mix Additives , 2009 .

[25]  Serji N. Amirkhanian,et al.  High temperature properties of rubberized binders containing warm asphalt additives , 2009 .

[26]  Serji N. Amirkhanian,et al.  Effects of warm mix asphalt additives on performance properties of polymer modified asphalt binders , 2010 .

[27]  Zhanping You,et al.  Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt Produced at Various Temperatures through Dynamic Modulus Testing and Four Point Beam Fatigue Testing , 2011 .

[28]  Ashley Buss,et al.  Investigation of Warm-Mix Asphalt Using Iowa Aggregates , 2011 .

[29]  Imad L. Al-Qadi,et al.  Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement – A Literature Review , 2007 .

[30]  Brian D Prowell,et al.  Warm-Mix Asphalt: European Practice , 2008 .

[31]  Shu-tang Liu,et al.  Variance analysis and performance evaluation of different crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt , 2009 .

[32]  Rajib B. Mallick,et al.  Effects of Warm-Mix Asphalt Additives on Workability and Mechanical Properties of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material , 2009 .

[33]  David Powers,et al.  Field Evaluation of Warm-Mix Asphalt Technologies , 2012 .

[34]  P S Kandhal,et al.  MOISTURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HMA MIXES: IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM AND RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS , 1992 .

[35]  C. Hsein Juang,et al.  Rutting Resistance of Rubberized Asphalt Concrete Pavements Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures , 2007 .

[36]  Serji N. Amirkhanian,et al.  Analysis of rheological properties of rubberized binders containing warm asphalt additives , 2010 .

[37]  Ramon Bonaquist,et al.  Mix Design Practices for Warm Mix Asphalt , 2011 .

[38]  Serji N. Amirkhanian,et al.  Effects of non-foaming WMA additives on asphalt binders at high performance temperatures , 2012 .

[39]  Hussain U Bahia,et al.  Laboratory Study on Warm-Mix Asphalt Additives , 2007 .

[40]  Serji N. Amirkhanian,et al.  Laboratory evaluation of warm asphalt binder aging characteristics , 2009 .

[41]  Bradley J. Putman,et al.  Evaluation of Rutting Resistance in Warm-Mix Asphalts Containing Moist Aggregate , 2010 .

[42]  Mārtiņš Zaumanis.  Warm Mix Asphalt Investigation , 2011 .

[43]  Musharraf Zaman,et al.  Comparative Laboratory Study of Sasobit and Aspha-Min Additives in Warm-Mix Asphalt , 2007 .

[44]  Beatrice Gralton,et al.  Washington DC - USA , 2008 .

[45]  B G Koenders,et al.  WAM-FOAM, ASPHALT PRODUCTION AT LOWER OPERATING TEMPERATURES , 2002 .

[46]  Serji N. Amirkhanian,et al.  Laboratory Investigation of Warm Asphalt Binder Properties - A Preliminary Analysis , 2007 .

[47]  M. L. Antunes,et al.  Mix design considerations for warm mix recycled asphalt with bitumen emulsion , 2012 .

[48]  Ylva Edwards,et al.  Energy saving and environmental friendly wax concept for polymer modified mastic asphalt , 2010 .

[49]  Kwang-Woo Kim,et al.  Low-Temperature Fracture Characteristics of Selected Warm-Mix Asphalt Concretes , 2011 .

[50]  Sheng Zhao,et al.  Comparative evaluation of warm mix asphalt containing high percentages of reclaimed asphalt pavement , 2013 .

[51]  Brian D Prowell,et al.  Evaluation of Sasobit® for Use in Warm Mix Asphalt , 2005 .

[52]  Juan Gallego,et al.  Study of the effect of four warm mix asphalt additives on bitumen modified with 15% crumb rubber , 2013 .

[53]  F. Moreno,et al.  Comparative analysis of emissions from the manufacture and use of hot and half-warm mix asphalt , 2013 .

[54]  S W Perkins.  Synthesis of Warm Mix Asphalt Paving Strategies for Use in Montana Highway Construction , 2009 .

[55]  Ambarish Banerjee,et al.  The effect of long-term aging on the rheology of warm mix asphalt binders , 2012 .

[56]  Billy Connor,et al.  Laboratory Evaluation of Sasobit-Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt for Alaskan Conditions , 2011 .

[57]  Burak Sengoz,et al.  Utilization of recycled asphalt concrete with different warm mix asphalt additives prepared with different penetration grades bitumen , 2013 .

[58]  Graham C Hurley,et al.  Evaluation of Potential Processes for Use in Warm Mix Asphalt (With Discussion) , 2006 .

[59]  Daniel C Brown.  Warm Mix: The Lights Are Green , 2008 .

[60]  J A Soto.  Warm in-plant recycling with bituminous emulsions , 2008 .

[61]  L Zanzotto,et al.  Our Experience with the Application of Sasobit in Polymer Modified Asphalts , 2008 .

[62]  M von Devivere,et al.  WARM ASPHALT MIXES BY ADDING A SYNTHETIC ZEOLITE , 2003 .

[63]  Yu Kuang,et al.  Evaluation of Evotherm as a WMA technology compaction and anti-strip additive , 2012 .

[64]  U. Johansson,et al.  POLYMER MODIFIED ASPHALT BINDERS , 1991 .

[65]  Silvino Dias Capitão,et al.  Pavement engineering materials: Review on the use of warm-mix asphalt , 2012 .

[66]  Audrius Vaitkus,et al.  ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF POSSIBILITIES FOR THE USE OF WARM MIX ASPHALT IN LITHUANIA , 2009 .

[67]  Serji N. Amirkhanian,et al.  Influence of Short-Term Aging on Rheological Characteristics of Non-Foaming WMA Binders , 2012 .

[68]  Peng Li,et al.  Low Temperature Performance of Sasobit-Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt , 2012 .

[69]  B Middleton,et al.  Evaluation of Warm-Mix Asphalt Produced with the Double Barrel Green Process , 2008 .

[70]  Ali Jamshidi,et al.  Effects of Sasobit® on the required heat energy and CO2 emission on blended asphalt binder incorporated with aged , 2010 .

[71]  F. Moreno,et al.  Warm mix asphalt: an overview , 2012 .

[72]  W Hofsink,et al.  SMA wearing courses on runways and taxiways: recent experience in South Africa , 2009 .

[73]  Jun Zhang,et al.  Effects of Warm-mix Asphalt Additives on Asphalt Mixture Characteristics and Pavement Performance , 2010 .

[74]  Andrea Kvasnak,et al.  EVALUATION OF GENCOR GREEN MACHINE ULTRAFOAM GX: FINAL REPORT , 2010 .

[75]  M. Baucus.  Transportation Research Board , 1982 .

[76]  Michael Pfeifer,et al.  St. Louis, Missouri , 1983 .

[77]  Serji N. Amirkhanian,et al.  Improved Resistance of Long-Term Aged Warm-Mix Asphalt to Moisture Damage Containing Moist Aggregates , 2013 .

[78]  Baoshan Huang,et al.  Laboratory evaluation of moisture susceptibility of foamed warm mix asphalt containing high percentages of RAP , 2012 .

[79]  Feipeng Xiao,et al.  Development of Fatigue Predictive Models of Rubberized Asphalt Concrete (RAC) Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Mixtures , 2006 .

[80]  Serji N. Amirkhanian,et al.  Rheology of warm mix asphalt binders with aged binders , 2011 .

[81]  Joe W Button,et al.  A Review of Warm Mix Asphalt , 2008 .

[82]  Hussain U Bahia,et al.  Evaluation of a warm-mix asphalt additive , 2008 .

[83]  Shaopeng Wu,et al.  Influence of Warm Mix Asphalt Additive on Temperature Susceptibility of Asphalt Binders , 2010, 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering.

[84]  Amit Bhasin,et al.  Influence of Warm-Mix Additives and Reduced Aging on the Rheology of Asphalt Binders with Different Natural Wax Contents , 2011 .

[85]  Shu Wei Goh.  Laboratory Evaluation and Pavement Design for Warm Mix Asphalt , 2007 .