Liquid hydrogen : fuel of the future

1 Introduction.- 2 Hydrogen Production.- 2.1 Hydrogen from Fossil Raw Materials.- 2.2 Electrolytic Hydrogen Production.- 2.3 Thermochemical Water Decomposition Procedure.- 2.4 Further Procedures for Hydrogen Production from Water.- References.- 3 Hydrogen Liquefaction.- 3.1 Fundamental Principles of Hydrogen Liquefaction.- 3.1.1 Refrigeration Processes as a Result of External Work.- 3.1.2 Refrigeration Processes as a Result of Internal Work.- 3.2 Small and Medium Liquefaction Plants.- 3.3 Magnetocaloric Liquefiers.- 3.4 Large-scale Industrial Liquefaction Plants.- References.- 4 Thermal Insulation, Storage and Transportation of Liquid Hydrogen.- 4.1 Mechanisms of Heat Transfer and Insulation Techniques.- 4.2 Storage and Transportation of Liquid Hydrogen.- 4.3 Liquid Hydrogen Pipelines.- 4.4 Liquid Hydrogen Pumps.- References.- 5 Liquid Hydrogen as a Rocket Propellant.- 5.1 Chemical Rocket Propulsion.- 5.2 Nuclear Rocket Propulsion.- References.- 6 Liquid Hydrogen as Fuel.- 6.1 Air Transport.- 6.1.1 Limiting Factors.- 6.1.2 Current Stage of Development.- 6.1.3 Technical Concepts and Specific Problems.- 6.1.4 Accidents.- 6.2 Ground Transport.- 6.2.1 Limiting Factors.- 6.2.2 Propulsion Techniques.- 6.2.3 Comparison of Hydrogen-Fueled Vehicles Regarding Propulsion and Storage.- 6.2.4 Experimental Liquid Hydrogen Vehicles.- 6.2.5 LH2 Fuel System Components.- 6.2.6 Concept for Vehicles Fueled with Liquid Hydrogen.- 6.2.7 Vehicle Refueling.- 6.2.8 Behavior of the Fuel Storage and Conditioning System in Accidents.- References.- 7 Outlook to Future Applications.- 7.1 Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier in the Future.- 7.2 Motor Vehicle Applications.- 7.3 Rail Vehicle Applications.- 7.4 Applications in Water Transportation.- 7.5 Applications in Aviation and Space Flight.- 7.6 Liquid Hydrogen in Stationary Energy Technology.- 7.7 Future Prospects.- References.- 8 Safe Handling of Liquid Hydrogen.- 8.1 Materials for the Use of Liquid Hydrogen.- 8.2 Handling of Hydrogen as a Cryogenic Liquid.- 8.3 Hydrogen as Flammable Liquid.- References.- 9 Physical and Technical Data of Liquid Hydrogen.