Enhancing end-user mental models of computer systems through the use of animation

It has been suggested that the training used to teach end-users about computer systems can be enhanced by providing learners with a conceptual model of the system. A conceptual model of a system conveys the underlying structure of the device, and aids the end-user in inferring the procedures necessary for operating the system. Such models are intended to give the end-user a better understanding of how the system works, and to help the end-user formulate a more useful mental model of the system. Mixed results from the studies to date suggest that further research should focus on the characteristics of effective conceptual models, and the types of tasks for which providing a conceptual model might be helpful. In addition, given the proliferation of multimedia presentations as teaching aids, research is needed to determine if animation in the conceptual model further enhances learning. The current study examined two characteristics which have been suggested as influencing the effectiveness of a conceptual model. These characteristics are the order of presentation of the conceptual model, and the use of animation.