Tomografía de coherencia óptica: situación actual en el diagnóstico intravascular

La tomografia de coherencia optica es una tecnica de diagnostico intravascular de alta resolucion de reciente desarrollo. Inicialmente se centro en la caracterizacion de la placa arteriosclerotica, ya que permite desde la identificacion de placas con alto contenido lipidico hasta la acumulacion de macrofagos, ambos hechos relacionados con la inestabilidad de la placa. Actualmente ha cobrado un creciente interes su utilidad en el campo del intervencionismo coronario; presenta grandes ventajas sobre otras tecnicas de diagnostico endovascular mas extendidas como la ecografia intravascular: el diametro de la luz del vaso puede medirse de forma mas exacta gracias a su mayor resolucion, permite detectar complicaciones del procedimiento como la microdiseccion de la arteria, puede poner de manifiesto la correcta aposicion del stent a la pared del vaso, permite detectar la hiperplasia neointimal tras el implante del stent y la medicion del espesor de la neointima. Por lo tanto, parece ser una herramienta de gran utilidad para el cardiologo intervencionista. En esta revision se analizan los aspectos tecnicos y las aplicaciones de esta tecnica y se la compara con otras tecnicas de diagnostico intravascular.

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