SURVEYING Application of Kalman Filter in Real-Time Deformation Monitoring using Surveying Robot

Tor (2002) compared the use of L1 (minimum norm), L2 (least squares), Kalman filter and time series analysis in deformation analysis and found the Kalman filter a robust way of dealing with noisy time-series data typically found in continuous deformation measurement. Further work had since been done by the author to provide the adaptive filtering and to incorporate the near-real-time transmission of deformation results via GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) data modem and issue of alarm via SMS when “trigger” levels are reached. Comparison of the Kalman-filtered results with that of the least squares is also made in this paper.