"Beyond EFL Writing Anxiety": Tapping into the Individual Emotionality of Proficient EFL Writers Through Semi-structured Analysis and Wearable Sensing Technology

A high level of writing proficiency is a critical foundation for undergraduate writing performance and general academic success in an English-medium university. The present study proposes a model of “deconstruction” of the “anxiety” plaguing EFL writers by using a case study (Study one). The purpose of this qualitative single embedded case study is to explore both perceived/real challenges and positive affective factors experienced and harnessed by competent Chinese EFL writers studying at an English-medium university. In order to further objectively uncover the writers’ temporal emotion change, we will conduct a second study to continuously collect their physiological data through wearable and sensing technology. Both studies aim to add depth into our understanding of the link between anxiety and writing efficacy. Gaining an understanding of what is perceived as positive affective factors by competent EFL writers, stakeholders, instructors and institutions can utilize these facts to develop/adjust writing teaching techniques, methods, or beneficial interventions, thereby increasing the potential for academic success.

[1]  Yuh-Show Cheng Factors Associated with Foreign Language Writing Anxiety , 2002 .

[2]  Z. Dongyu,et al.  Sociocultural Theory Applied to Second Language Learning: Collaborative Learning with Reference to the Chinese Context , 2013 .

[3]  Dennis M. Bline,et al.  A Research Note on the Dimensionality of Daly and Miller's Writing Apprehension Scale , 2001 .

[4]  N. Khawaja,et al.  Understanding the Coping Strategies of International Students: A Qualitative Approach , 2011 .

[5]  F. Kokkinaki,et al.  The location of trait emotional intelligence in personality factor space. , 2007, British journal of psychology.

[6]  Moïra Mikolajczak,et al.  Increasing emotional intelligence : (How) is it possible? , 2009 .

[7]  Havva Yaman The Relation General Anxiety Levels, Anxiety of Writing, and Attitude for Turkish Course of Secondary School Students. , 2014 .

[8]  Albert Bandura,et al.  Self-efficacy conception of anxiety , 1988 .

[9]  Ana Isabel Lobo,et al.  What did they expect? Exploring a link between students’ expectations, attendance and attrition on English language enhancement courses , 2014 .

[10]  A. G. Brand The Why of Cognition: Emotion and the Writing Process , 1987 .

[11]  P. Venables,et al.  Direct measurement of skin conductance: a proposal for standardization. , 1971, Psychophysiology.

[12]  Hippokratis Apostolidis,et al.  USING SENSORS TO DETECT STUDENT’S EMOTION IN ADAPTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT , 2018 .

[13]  P. MacIntyre 3. Motivation, anxiety and emotion in second language acquisition , 2002 .

[14]  E. Horwitz,et al.  Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety , 1986 .

[15]  Lindy Woodrow,et al.  College English Writing Affect: Self-Efficacy and Anxiety. , 2011 .

[16]  Jessie Choi ENGLISH SPEAKING CLASSROOM APPREHENSION: A STUDY OF THE PERCEPTIONS HELD BY HONG KONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS , 2016 .

[17]  Wilhelm Stork,et al.  Context Becomes Content: Sensor Data for Computer-Supported Reflective Learning , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies.

[18]  Yuh-Show Cheng A measure of second language writing anxiety: Scale development and preliminary validation , 2004 .

[19]  Peter Gobel,et al.  Anxiety and predictors of performance in the foreign language classroom , 2004 .

[20]  J. Daly,et al.  Writing Apprehension, Self-Esteem, and Personality , 1983, Research in the Teaching of English.

[21]  P. MacIntyre,et al.  The two faces of Janus? Anxiety and enjoyment in the foreign language classroom , 2014 .

[22]  Mark Sherry,et al.  International students: a vulnerable student population , 2010 .

[23]  Reinhard Pekrun,et al.  A Social-Cognitive, Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions , 2000 .

[24]  R. Pekrun The Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions: Assumptions, Corollaries, and Implications for Educational Research and Practice , 2006 .

[25]  A. G. Brand,et al.  Social Cognition, Emotions, and the Psychology of Writing. , 1991 .

[26]  M. Patton,et al.  Qualitative evaluation and research methods , 1992 .

[27]  H. Shang Factors Associated with English as a Foreign Language University Students’ Writing Anxiety , 2013 .

[28]  Nancy Eisenberg,et al.  Linking Students' Emotions and Academic Achievement: When and Why Emotions Matter. , 2012, Child development perspectives.

[29]  Robert C. Gardner,et al.  Language Anxiety: Its Relationship to Other Anxieties and to Processing in Native and Second Languages* , 1991 .

[30]  Kaiqi Shao,et al.  The relationship between EFL students' emotional intelligence and writing achievement , 2013 .

[31]  P. MacIntyre,et al.  Affect: The Role of Language Anxiety and Other Emotions in Language Learning , 2012 .

[32]  Olivier Luminet,et al.  Trait emotional intelligence and the cognitive appraisal of stressful events : an exploratory study , 2008 .

[33]  Michael D. Miller,et al.  The Empirical Development of an Instrument to Measure Writing Apprehension. , 1975 .

[34]  Siddharth Shah,et al.  AutoSense: unobtrusively wearable sensor suite for inferring the onset, causality, and consequences of stress in the field , 2011, SenSys.

[35]  Judee K. Burgoon,et al.  A research note on the dimensions of communication reticence , 1983 .

[36]  Luis Orozco-Barbosa,et al.  Introducing IoT and Wearable Technologies into Task-Based Language Learning for Young Children , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies.

[37]  Hazim Kemal Ekenel,et al.  Emotion Recognition for Intelligent Tutoring , 2016, BIR Workshops.

[38]  A. G. Brand,et al.  Hot Cognition: Emotions and Writing Behavior. , 1986 .

[39]  Melody Rawlings,et al.  Preparedness of Chinese Students for American Culture and Communicating in English. , 2013 .

[40]  Anne C. Frenzel,et al.  The Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions: An Integrative Approach to Emotions in Education , 2007 .

[41]  M. Nordin,et al.  Foreign Language Reading Anxiety in a Jordanian EFL Context: A Qualitative Study. , 2013 .

[42]  Stephen Krashen,et al.  Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition , 1982 .