Intrusion and leakage in drinking systems induced by pressure variation

Pathogen intrusion is a phenomenon that can cause a serious pollution problem in drinking systems. The paper describes the entry of external fluids through pipe defects caused by a pressure drop. This situation is especially important during hydraulic pressure variations. Pressure variations that can cause intrusion are analyzed in this paper. Three cases of pressure transients are modeled with the leak located near the transient origin, thus creating a critical scenario to force the intrusion. A combination of the method of characteristics and computational fluid dynamics is implemented in order to quantify the intrusion and leakage volume during the transient event in a pipe. Laboratory procedures provided data for validation of the results. The objective of this paper is to obtain the volume of intrusion and leakage during the pressure variations through defects in pipes. The flow resulting from the intrusion event will be quantified during the transient pressure, noting the potential implications of this event for public health.

[1]  Simon French,et al.  A role for human reliability analysis (HRA) in preventing drinking water incidents and securing safe drinking water. , 2009, Water research.

[2]  Michèle Prévost,et al.  Assessing the public health risk of microbial intrusion events in distribution systems: conceptual model, available data, and challenges. , 2011, Water research.

[3]  James E. Funk,et al.  Intrusion within a Simulated Water Distribution System due to Hydraulic Transients. I: Description of Test Rig and Chemical Tracer Method , 2004 .

[4]  Helena M. Ramos,et al.  Intrusion problematic during water supply systems' operation , 2011 .

[5]  Michèle Prévost,et al.  Pressure monitoring and characterization of external sources of contamination at the site of the payment drinking water epidemiological studies. , 2010, Environmental Science and Technology.

[6]  Helena M. Ramos,et al.  Surge damping analysis in pipe systems: modelling and experiments Effet d'atténuation du coup de bélier dans les systèmes de conduits: modelation mathématique et expériences , 2004 .

[7]  Naftali Zloczower.  Control of Transient Induced Contaminant Leakage and Infiltration by Implementation of Air Valves , 2009 .

[8]  Mark W. LeChevallier,et al.  Enteric virus infection risk from intrusion of sewage into a drinking water distribution network. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[9]  Helena M. Ramos,et al.  Dynamic effects of transient flows with cavitation in pipe systems , 2004 .

[10]  Preben Aavitsland,et al.  Breaks and maintenance work in the water distribution systems and gastrointestinal illness: a cohort study. , 2007, International journal of epidemiology.

[11]  Paul R Hunter,et al.  Self-reported diarrhea in a control group: a strong association with reporting of low-pressure events in tap water. , 2005, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[12]  Balvant Rajani,et al.  Comprehensive review of structural deterioration of water mains: physically based models , 2001 .

[13]  Melinda Friedman,et al.  The potential for health risks from intrusion of contaminants into the distribution system from pressure transients. , 2003, Journal of water and health.

[14]  Y Hu,et al.  Factors contributing to the failure of asbestos cement water mains , 2007 .

[15]  D. Wiggert,et al.  Analysis of Liquid and Structural Transients in Piping by the Method of Characteristics , 1987 .

[16]  Mark W. LeChevallier,et al.  Potential for pathogen intrusion during pressure transients , 2003 .

[17]  Duncan A. McInnis,et al.  A relative-risk framework for evaluating transient pathogen intrusion in distribution systems , 2004 .