APPLYING SHANNON WAVELET BASIS FUNCTIONS TO THE METHOD OF MOMENTS FOR EVALUATING THE RADAR CROSS SECTION OF THE CONDUCTING AND RESISTIVE SURFACES

In this paper, we apply the Shannon wavelet basis functions to the method of moments to evaluate the radar cross section (RCS) of the conducting and resistive surfaces. The problem is modeled by the integral equations of the first or second kind. An effective numerical method for solving these problems based on the moments method and using Shannon wavelet basis functions is proposed. The validity and accuracy of the method is checked on some examples, and the Shannon wavelets are compared with the well-known block-pulse functions (BPFs) from the viewpoint of computational efficiency. The problem of evaluating the RCS is treated in detail, and illustrative computations are given for some cases. This method can be generalized to apply to objects of arbitrary geometry and arbitrary material. 258 Danesfahani et al.

[1]  Dielectric Half Space Model for the Analysis of Scattering from Objects on Ocean Surface , 2007 .

[2]  Ingrid Daubechies,et al.  Ten Lectures on Wavelets , 1992 .

[3]  J.-Y. Huang,et al.  Scattering Cross Section for Airborne and its Application , 2007 .

[4]  J. Wu,et al.  FDTD Study on Scattering of Metallic Column Covered by Double-Negative Metamaterial , 2007 .

[5]  J. Kot,et al.  Scattering by a Luneberg Lens Partially Covered by a Metallic Cap , 2007 .

[6]  Q. Naqvi,et al.  ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM A PERFECT ELECTROMAGNETIC CONDUCTOR CYLINDER BURIED IN A DIELECTRIC HALF-SPACE , 2008 .

[7]  Noh-Hoon Myung,et al.  Scattering Analysis of Open-Ended Cavity with Inner Object , 2007 .

[8]  W. Chew,et al.  Nyström Method with Edge Condition for Electromagnetic Scattering by 2D Open Structures , 2006 .

[9]  Hui Li,et al.  Scattering Analysis of Large-Scale Periodic Structures Using the Sub-Entire Domain Basis Function Method and Characteristic Function Method , 2007 .

[10]  I. M. Moroz,et al.  Galerkin modelling of the Burgers equation using harmonic wavelets , 1997 .

[11]  F. Faghihi,et al.  A Combination of Time Domain Finite Element-Boundary Integral and with Time Domain Physical Optics for Calculation of Electromagnetic Scattering of 3-D Structures , 2008 .

[12]  Zhensen Wu,et al.  Investigation on the Scattering Characteristics of Gaussian Beam from Two Dimensional Dielectric Rough Surfaces Based on the Kirchhoff Approximation , 2008 .

[13]  D. Wilton,et al.  EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR SOLVING INTEGRAL AND INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS , 1981 .

[14]  L. Delves,et al.  Computational methods for integral equations: Frontmatter , 1985 .

[15]  R. Ruppin.  Scattering of Electromagnetic Radiation by a Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor Sphere , 2006 .

[16]  Analytical and numerical solution to the two-potential Zakharov-Shabat inverse scattering problem , 1992 .

[17]  Zhuo Li,et al.  Terahertz-wave scattering by perfectly electrical conducting objects , 2007, 2007 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.

[18]  Lewei Li,et al.  Analysis of electromagnetic scattering of conducting circular disk using a hybrid method , 1998 .

[19]  C. Valagiannopoulos.  Electromagnetic Scattering from Two Eccentric Metamaterial Cylinders with Frequency-Dependent Permittivities Differing Slightly Each Other , 2008 .

[20]  K. Webb,et al.  On detection of the interior resonance errors of surface integral boundary conditions for electromagnetic scattering problems , 2001 .

[21]  M. Naser‐Moghadasi,et al.  NEW NUMERICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE SCATTERED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS FROM THIN WIRES , 2008 .

[22]  Allen Taflove,et al.  Numerical analysis of electromagnetic scattering by electrically large objects using spatial decomposition technique , 1992 .

[23]  Andrea Massa,et al.  A numerical solution to full-vector electromagnetic scattering by three-dimensional nonlinear bounded dielectrics , 1995 .

[24]  Y.-L. Li.  SCATTERING FIELD FOR THE ELLIPSOIDAL TARGETS IRRADIATED BY AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE WITH ARBITRARY POLARIZING AND PROPAGATING DIRECTION , 2007 .

[25]  R. Shore,et al.  Dual-surface integral equations in electromagnetic scattering , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[26]  A. Kishk.  Electromagnetic scattering from composite objects using a mixture of exact and impedance-boundary conditions , 1991 .

[27]  R. Bansal,et al.  Antenna theory; analysis and design , 1984, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[28]  S.H. Zainud-Deen,et al.  Scattering from bodies coated with metamaterial using FDFD method , 2008, 2008 National Radio Science Conference.

[29]  M. M. Zahedi,et al.  SCATTERING FROM SEMI-ELLIPTIC CHANNEL LOADED WITH IMPEDANCE ELLIPTICAL CYLINDER , 2008 .

[30]  Khalid Fawzi Ahmed Hussein.  Fast Computational Algoritm for EFIE Applied to Arbitrarily-Shaped Conducting Surfaces , 2007 .

[31]  D. Newland.  Harmonic wavelet analysis , 1993, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[32]  C. Burrus,et al.  Introduction to Wavelets and Wavelet Transforms: A Primer , 1997 .

[33]  P. L. Rui,et al.  Implicitly Restarted Gmres Fast Fourier Transform Method for Electromagnetic Scattering , 2007 .

[34]  John L. Volakis,et al.  Electromagnetic scattering from thin strips. II. Numerical solution for strips of arbitrary size , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Education.

[35]  E. Babolian,et al.  CALCULATING THE RADAR CROSS SECTION OF THE RESISTIVE TARGETS USING THE HAAR WAVELETS , 2008 .

[36]  Khalid Fawzi Ahmed Hussein.  EFFICIENT NEAR-FIELD COMPUTATION FOR RADIATION AND SCATTERING FROM CONDUCTING SURFACES OF ARBITRARY SHAPE , 2007 .

[37]  J.-Y. Huang,et al.  The Scattering Cross Section for a Target Irradiated by Time-varying Electromagnetic Waves , 2007 .

[38]  Xing Wang,et al.  SCATTERING ANALYSIS OF A PRINTED DIPOLE ANTENNA USING PBG STRUCTURES , 2008 .

[39]  Electromagnetic scattering from transversely corrugated cylindrical structures using the asymptotic corrugated boundary conditions , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[40]  Y. Du,et al.  Electromagnetic Scattering Model for Soybean Canopy , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[41]  V. Tuz.  THREE-DIMENSIONAL GAUSSIAN BEAM SCATTERING FROM A PERIODIC SEQUENCE OF BI-ISOTROPIC AND MATERIAL LAYERS , 2008 .

[42]  B. Carpentieri.  Fast iterative solution methods in electromagnetic scattering , 2008 .

[43]  Nisha Gupta,et al.  MONTE CARLO INTEGRATION TECHNIQUE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM CONDUCTING SURFACES , 2008 .

[44]  R. Mittra,et al.  Scattering Analysis of Dielectric Coated Cones , 2007 .

[45]  A. Neureuther,et al.  Scattering from a perfectly conducting surface with a sinusoidal height profile: TE polarization , 1971 .

[46]  Esmail Babolian,et al.  Numerical Approach to Survey the Problem of Electromagnetic Scattering from Resistive Strips Based on Using a Set of Orthogonal Basis Functions , 2008 .

[47]  E. Arvas,et al.  ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING ANALYSIS USING THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL MRFD FORMULATION , 2008 .

[48]  J. Zhao.  Numerical and Analytical Formulizations of the Extended Mie Theory for Solving the Sphere Scattering Problem , 2006 .

[49]  R. Harrington.  Matrix methods for field problems , 1967 .

[50]  A. Kishk,et al.  ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM CONDUCTING CIRCULAR CYLINDER COATED BY META-MATERIALS AND LOADED WITH HELICAL STRIPS UNDER OBLIQUE INCIDENCE , 2008 .

[51]  Esmail Babolian,et al.  Direct method to solve Volterra integral equation of the first kind using operational matrix with block-pulse functions , 2008 .

[52]  O. Sukharevsky,et al.  Scattering of Reflector Antenna with Conic Dielectric Radome , 2006, 2006 International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetic Theory.

[53]  Mohammad Naser-Moghadasi,et al.  A MOMENT METHOD SIMULATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM CONDUCTING BODIES , 2008 .

[54]  Bing-Zhong Wang,et al.  Element-Free Galerkin Method in Electromagnetic Scattering Field Computation , 2007 .

[55]  Constantinos A. Valagiannopoulos.  Closed–Form Solution to the Scattering of a Skew Strip Field by Metallic PIN in a Slab , 2008 .

[56]  Carlo Cattani,et al.  Shannon Wavelet Analysis , 2007, International Conference on Computational Science.

[57]  T. Cui,et al.  Terahertz-wave Scattering by Perfectly Electrical Conducting Objects , 2007 .

[58]  Matthew D. Arnold,et al.  An Efficient Solution for Scattering by a Perfectly Conducting Strip Grating , 2006 .

[59]  C. Balanis.  Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics , 1989 .

[60]  Mohammad Naser-Moghadasi,et al.  An Integral Equation Modeling of Electromagnetic Scattering from the Surfaces of Arbitrary Resistance Distribution , 2008 .

[61]  P. Yla-Oijala,et al.  Well-conditioned Muller formulation for electromagnetic scattering by dielectric objects , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[62]  Esmail Babolian,et al.  NEW DIRECT METHOD TO SOLVE NONLINEAR VOLTERRA-FREDHOLM INTEGRAL AND INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS USING OPERATIONAL MATRIX WITH BLOCK-PULSE FUNCTIONS , 2008 .

[63]  Carlo Cattani,et al.  Harmonic wavelets towards the solution of nonlinear PDE , 2005 .

[64]  F. Collino,et al.  BOUNDARY-INTEGRAL METHODS FOR ITERATIVE SOLUTION OF SCATTERING PROBLEMS WITH VARIABLE IMPEDANCE SURFACE CONDITION , 2008 .

[65]  R. Ruppin.  Scattering of Electromagnetic Radiation by a Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor Cylinder , 2006 .