URBAN-SUBURBAN-RURAL AIR TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES RELATED TO STREET GEOMETRY

Urban, suburban, and rural air temperature data for clear and calm nights were analyzed to detect typical thermal variations found within a single city. Measurements taken over a three-year period formed the basis of the analysis. The measurement sites were four permanent climatic stations that were similar in geomorphological and topographical respects but exhibited different building structures. In the city center, the street geometry was shown to influence the air temperature at a small but constant rate, larger in the summer than in winter. The suburban site resembled the rural area with regard to vertical temperature distribution and cooling rates. However, the existence of a suburban heat island of low magnitude and short duration was proven and attributed to geometry. The mean air urban heat island was preserved for a longer time and demonstrated an increase of approximately 1° C in all seasons when data from a canyon site of SVF = 0.5 were used rather than data from an open urban area. The results...

[1]  Atsumasa Yoshida,et al.  Field measurements on energy balance of an urban canyon in the summer season , 1990 .

[2]  H. Swaid.  Nocturnal variation of air-surface temperature gradients for typical urban and rural surfaces , 1991 .

[3]  D. O. Lee.  RURAL ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY AND THE INTENSITY OF LONDON'S HEAT ISLAND , 1975 .

[4]  T. Oke.  Canyon geometry and the nocturnal urban heat island: Comparison of scale model and field observations , 1981 .

[5]  Ingegärd Eliasson,et al.  Urban Geometry, surface temperature and air temperature , 1990 .

[6]  Local Climatological Modelling for Road Stretches and Urban Areas , 1992 .

[7]  B. Holmer,et al.  Urban Heat Island Circulation in Göteborg, Sweden , 1990 .

[8]  T. Oke,et al.  Wind, temperature and stability conditions in an east-west oriented urban canyon , 1988 .

[9]  Ingegärd Eliasson,et al.  Infrared thermography and urban temperature patterns , 1992 .

[10]  T. Oke.  Classics in physical geography revisited , 1995 .

[11]  I. D. Watson,et al.  Simulation of surface urban heat islands under ‘ideal’ conditions at night part 2: Diagnosis of causation , 1991 .

[12]  T. Oke,et al.  Urban heat storage derived as energy balance residuals , 1987 .

[13]  J. Mattsson,et al.  Canyon geometry, street temperatures and urban heat island in malmö, sweden , 1985 .

[14]  A. Arnfield,et al.  CANYON GEOMETRY, THE URBAN FABRIC AND NOCTURNAL COOLING: A SIMULATION APPROACH , 1990 .

[15]  Timothy R. Oke,et al.  Urban heat island dynamics in Montreal and Vancouver , 1975 .

[16]  D. O. Lee.  CONTRASTS IN WARMING AND COOLING RATES AT AN URBAN AND A RURAL SITE , 1979 .

[17]  Hye-Sook Park,et al.  CITY SIZE AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND INTENSITY FOR JAPANESE AND KOREAN CITIES , 1987 .

[18]  P. Todhunter,et al.  MICROCLIMATIC VARIATIONS ATTRIBUTABLE TO URBAN-CANYON ASYMMETRY AND ORIENTATION , 1990 .