Closed-loop predictive control for adherence to the commanded energy exchange with a VRLA battery

Batteries open possibility for cost optimization in microgrids and electricity distribution grids as long as the planned energy exchange profile between the battery system and the remaining grid is strictly adhered to. We focus on the battery management system (BMS) subordinated to microgrid energy flow optimization and propose a closed-loop predictive control for adherence to the commanded energy exchange between the battery system and the microgrid in the given timeframe. At each sampling instant the BMS replans the battery current profile on the remaining timeframe part such that the commanded energy exchange is precisely adhered to while respecting battery constraints and maximizing the residual state of charge. Simulation results of the BMS operation are presented for the case of a VRLA battery.