Near-infrared to visible light optical upconversion by direct tandem integration of organic light-emitting diode and inorganic photodetector

The authors report a hybrid organic/inorganic optical upconversion device that converts 1.5μm infrared light to ∼520nm visible light. The device was made by direct tandem integration of an inorganic InGaAs∕InP photodetector with an organic light-emitting diode (OLED). Optical upconversion with an external efficiency of 0.7% W/W at room temperature has been achieved. Interfacial structure at the inorganic-organic interface was found to play a vital role in enabling the integration of the hybrid tandem upconverter. Both sulfur-terminated InP surface and nanocarbon fullerene interlayer were found crucial to form a good interface contact, permitting continuous flow of photocarriers from the inorganic detector into the OLED.

[1]  Arthur C. Gossard,et al.  Room-temperature electro-optic up-conversion via internal photoemission , 2003 .

[2]  Yanyan Yuan,et al.  Highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes with metal/fullerene anode , 2006 .

[3]  Z. R. Wasilewski,et al.  Midinfrared optical upconverter , 2005 .

[4]  M. Buchanan,et al.  Pixelless imaging device using optical up-converter , 2004, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[5]  H. Peisert,et al.  Sulfur-modified surface of InP(001): Evidence for sulfur incorporation and surface oxidation , 1997 .

[6]  M. Buchanan,et al.  1.5 to 0.87 [micro sign]m optical upconversion device fabricated by wafer fusion , 2003 .

[7]  C. Tang,et al.  Organic Electroluminescent Diodes , 1987 .

[8]  Edward Sacher,et al.  S-passivated InP (100)-(1×1) surface prepared by a wet chemical process , 1992 .

[9]  M. Buchanan,et al.  Pixelless 1.5-/spl mu/m up-conversion imaging device fabricated by wafer fusion , 2005, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[10]  Z. Lu,et al.  Structure of S-passivated InP(100)-(1×1) surface , 1992 .

[11]  L. Kronik,et al.  Molecular Control over Semiconductor Surface Electronic Properties: Dicarboxylic Acids on CdTe, CdSe, GaAs, and InP , 1999 .

[12]  M. Buchanan,et al.  Optimized GaAs/AlGaAs light-emitting diodes and high efficiency wafer-fused optical up-conversion devices , 2004 .

[13]  Franco Cacialli,et al.  Molecular-scale interface engineering for polymer light-emitting diodes , 2000, Nature.

[14]  Sijin Han,et al.  Organic light-emitting devices with silicon anodes , 2005 .

[15]  M. Buchanan,et al.  Optical upconverter with integrated heterojunction phototransistor and light-emitting diode , 2006 .

[16]  Toshihide Kamata,et al.  Light up-conversion from near-infrared to blue using a photoresponsive organic light-emitting device , 2002 .