Green Metrics for Energy-aware IT Systems

This paper presents a novel approach to characterise applications with respect to their energy consumption by using a set of energy-related metrics, called Green Metrics. These indicators are based on energy consumption measurements, such as indexes of computing resource usage, of environmental impact, and even of development costs required to (re)design an application in order to optimise its energy consumption footprint, or of organizational factors related to application management. Our approach is framed in the GAMES (Green Active Management of Energy in IT Service centres) EU Project1 about green IT. In this paper, we define four clusters of Green Metrics enabling to feature an application in terms of the energy it consumes at run time. Such metrics are the basis for measuring the "greenness" of an application and to detect where it consumes and wastes energy. Hints are provided to improve applications design and execution. We show within an application scenario how monitoring and evaluation of the Green Metrics helps to improve energy efficiency.

[1]  S. Griffis.  EDITOR , 1997, Journal of Navigation.

[2]  Richard E. Brown,et al.  Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency: Public Law 109-431 , 2008 .

[3]  Shuaiwen Song,et al.  Energy Profiling and Analysis of the HPC Challenge Benchmarks , 2009, Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl..

[4]  Barbara Pernici,et al.  Energy-Aware Design of Service-Based Applications , 2009, ICSOC/ServiceWave.

[5]  Francky Catthoor,et al.  Custom Memory Management Methodology: Exploration of Memory Organisation for Embedded Multimedia System Design , 1998 .

[6]  Arthur Howard,et al.  The State of Energy and Performance Benchmarking for Enterprise Servers , 2009, TPCTC.

[7]  Maria Grazia Fugini,et al.  Exception Handling for Repair in Service-Based Processes , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[8]  Maria Grazia Fugini,et al.  Green Information Systems for Sustainable IT , 2011 .

[9]  Leon Sterling,et al.  Quality of service for web services , 2004 .

[10]  Jeffrey C. Carver,et al.  Understanding the High-Performance-Computing Community: A Software Engineer's Perspective , 2008, IEEE Software.

[11]  Jack Dongarra,et al.  Introduction to the HPCChallenge Benchmark Suite , 2004 .

[12]  U. Hindenlang,et al.  Inhomogeneous, orthotropic material model for the cortical structure of long bones modelled on the basis of clinical CT or density data , 2009 .

[13]  Sharad Malik,et al.  Power analysis of embedded software: a first step towards software power minimization , 1994, IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst..

[14]  Rajkumar Buyya,et al.  A taxonomy of scientific workflow systems for grid computing , 2005, SGMD.

[15]  Barbara Pernici,et al.  A framework for QoS-based Web service contracting , 2009, TWEB.

[16]  Margaret Martonosi,et al.  Wattch: a framework for architectural-level power analysis and optimizations , 2000, Proceedings of 27th International Symposium on Computer Architecture (IEEE Cat. No.RS00201).

[17]  Quan Z. Sheng,et al.  Quality driven web services composition , 2003, WWW '03.

[18]  Marco Lovera,et al.  Active Energy-Aware Management of Business-Process Based Applications , 2008, ServiceWave.

[19]  Kushagra Vaid,et al.  Energy benchmarks: a detailed analysis , 2010, e-Energy.

[20]  Maria Grazia Fugini,et al.  First-Step toward Energy-Aware Adaptive Business Processes , 2010, OTM Workshops.

[21]  Chan S. Park.  Contemporary Engineering Economics , 1993 .

[22]  Joseph Williams,et al.  Green: The New Computing Coat of Arms? , 2008, IT Professional.

[23]  Maria Grazia Fugini,et al.  Designing and Managing Sustainable IT Service Systems , 2010 .

[24]  Abdelkarim Erradi,et al.  Differential QoS support in Web Services Management , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS'06).

[25]  Barbara Pernici.  Mobile Information Systems: Infrastructure and Design for Adaptivity and Flexibility , 2006 .

[26]  Francky Catthoor,et al.  Custom Memory Management Methodology , 1998, Springer US.