Battery energy storage system size optimization in microgrid using particle swarm optimization

In the recent decades, storage systems played more significant role than ever. The reason behind this phenomenon could be associated with the increase dependency on renewable energy resources in power systems. Frequency regulation is one of the important issues that Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) participated in. Furthermore, load shedding is one of frequency control methods during stand-alone operation, and the performance of frequency control improves in combination with BESS. This article proposes the feasibility of using optimal BESS with load shedding scheme when disconnection of the microgrid from the grid occurs. In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is developed and presented to determine the optimal size of BESS with load shedding scheme. Results show that the optimal size of BESS-based PSO with load shedding scheme can achieve higher performance of frequency control compared to the optimal size of BESS-based analytic algorithm with load shedding scheme. The optimal sizing method of BESS with load shedding scheme is achieved by using a tool for analysis of industrial, utility and commercial electrical power system called DPL script (DIgSILENT Programming Language).