Wearable sensor networks for patient health monitoring: challenges, applications, future directions, and acoustic sensor challenges

Abstract The Internet of Things is an arrangement of hardware and software architecture that initiates real-world objects to interact with adjacent situations, sense them, and communicate with interrelated objects as an interconnected thing/object. Using the sophisticated expansion of wireless technology, e.g., microelectromechanical systems, information connection technology is a powerful resource in the healthcare category to discover and provide a mixture of solutions and welfare services efficiently and proficiently. Wearable electronic-based sensor usage has increased enormously as human-friendly and future-generation sensor nodes. Modernized with various collections of functionality and energy, researchable intelligent wearable electronic devices are essential for the human body. These new conceptual devices have various well-designed components such as displays, sensors, batteries, etc., which are able to work under special conditions on the human body. This chapter discusses wearable sensor networks, sensing technology, human activity monitoring, computable indications and respective measurements, electronic-based wearable sensor devices, and energy resource technologies. Wireless transmission underwater is one of the enabling technologies for the development of future ocean observation technologies and is a rapidly rising skill. Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are a collection of sensors and autonomous vehicles that can be used to maneuver and position performance monitoring appliances. UWSNs gather records in association with seismic, robotic, and pollution monitoring appliances. Energy-saving methods are one of the prominent issues in UWSNs where routing protocols play a significant role, since underwater sensor node batteries are difficult to replace. Underwater sensors and their architecture, routing protocols and their methods, applications of UWSNs, and issues with future challenges are discussed briefly.

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