Feedstock and Conversion Supply System Design and Analysis

The success of the earlier logistic pathway designs (Biochemical and Thermochemical) from a feedstock perspective was that it demonstrated that through proper equipment selection and best management practices, conventional supply systems (referred to in this report as “conventional designs,” or specifically the 2012 Conventional Design) can be successfully implemented to address dry matter loss, quality issues, and enable feedstock cost reductions that help to reduce feedstock risk of variable supply and quality and enable industry to commercialize biomass feedstock supply chains. The caveat of this success is that conventional designs depend on high density, low-cost biomass with no disruption from incremental weather. In this respect, the success of conventional designs is tied to specific, highly productive regions such as the southeastern U.S. which has traditionally supported numerous pulp and paper industries or the Midwest U.S for corn stover.

[1]  Abhijit Dutta,et al.  Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Fast Pyrolysis and Hydrotreating Bio-Oil Pathway , 2013 .

[2]  Stephen C. Grado,et al.  Financial analysis of intensive pine plantation establishment , 2010 .

[3]  Bryce J. Stokes,et al.  U.S. Billion-ton Update: Biomass Supply for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry , 2011 .

[4]  W. F. Watson,et al.  Review of Chain Flail Delimbing-Debarking , 1993 .

[5]  W. Dale Greene,et al.  Evaluation of integrated harvesting systems in pine stands of the southern United States , 2010 .

[6]  Raida Jirjis,et al.  Effects of particle size and pile height on storage and fuel quality of comminuted Salix viminalis , 2005 .

[7]  Margaret S. Wooldridge,et al.  Co-firing of coal and biomass fuel blends , 2001 .

[8]  Shahab Sokhansanj,et al.  Dry matter losses in combination with gaseous emissions during the storage of forest residues , 2012 .

[9]  Eric C. D. Tan,et al.  Investigation of biochemical biorefinery sizing and environmental sustainability impacts for conventional bale system and advanced uniform biomass logistics designs , 2013 .

[10]  Bruno Valentim,et al.  A study on coal blending for reducing NOx and N2O and levels during fluidized bed combustion , 2004 .

[11]  D. Brad Blackwelder,et al.  Impact of screening on behavior during storage and cost of ground small-diameter pine trees: a case study. , 2011 .

[12]  M. Malow,et al.  Temperature and gas evolution during large scale outside storage of wood chips , 2011, European Journal of Wood and Wood Products.

[13]  J. R. Hess,et al.  REVIEW: A review on biomass torrefaction process and product properties for energy applications , 2011 .

[14]  Raida Jirjis,et al.  Storage and drying of wood fuel. , 1995 .

[15]  David W. Archer,et al.  Vertical Distribution of Corn Stover Dry Mass Grown at Several US Locations , 2010, BioEnergy Research.

[16]  W. D. Greene,et al.  Pyrolysis characteristics of forest residues obtained from different harvesting methods. , 2011 .

[17]  Jian Shi,et al.  The Potential of Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Municipal Solid Waste: A Technical and Economic Evaluation , 2009 .

[18]  Ryan Davis,et al.  Process Design and Economics for Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol: Dilute-Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover , 2011 .

[19]  J. R. Hess,et al.  Roadmap for Agriculture Biomass Feedstock Supply in the United States , 2003 .

[20]  C. M. Kinoshita,et al.  Removal of inorganic constituents of biomass feedstocks by mechanical dewatering and leaching , 1997 .

[21]  John C. F. Walker.  Primary Wood Processing: Principles and Practice , 1993 .

[22]  Shahab Sokhansanj,et al.  Quality of Wood Pellets Produced in British Columbia for Export , 2010 .

[23]  John S. Cundiff,et al.  Harvest and storage costs for bales of switchgrass in the southeastern United States , 1996 .

[24]  Erin M. Searcy,et al.  Uniform-Format Solid Feedstock Supply System: A Commodity-Scale Design to Produce an Infrastructure-Compatible Bulk Solid from Lignocellulosic Biomass -- Executive Summary , 2009 .

[25]  Akwasi A. Boateng,et al.  Biomass Yield and Biofuel Quality of Switchgrass Harvested in Fall or Spring , 2006 .

[26]  William A. Smith,et al.  Practical considerations of moisture in baled biomass feedstocks , 2013 .

[27]  Kevin J. Shinners,et al.  HARVEST AND STORAGE OF TWO PERENNIAL GRASSES AS BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS , 2010 .

[28]  Christopher T. Wright,et al.  Drying, grinding and pelletization studies on raw and formulated biomass feedstock's for bioenergy applications. , 2013 .

[29]  P. Flynn,et al.  The relative cost of biomass energy transport , 2007, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.

[30]  David W. Templeton,et al.  Assessing corn stover composition and sources of variability via NIRS , 2009 .

[31]  Tyler L. Westover,et al.  Biomass feedstocks for renewable fuel production: a review of the impacts of feedstock and pretreatment on the yield and product distribution of fast pyrolysis bio-oils and vapors , 2014 .

[32]  R. L. Hoskinson,et al.  Engineering, nutrient removal, and feedstock conversion evaluations of four corn stover harvest scenarios , 2007 .

[33]  Jacob J. Jacobson,et al.  Feedstock Supply System Design and Economics for Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Conversion Pathway: Biological Conversion of Sugars to Hydrocarbons The 2017 Design Case , 2013 .

[34]  Ian J. Bonner,et al.  Moisture sorption characteristics and modeling of energy sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). , 2013 .

[35]  Matthias Noll,et al.  Microbial communities in large-scale wood piles and their effects on wood quality and the environment , 2012, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[36]  Dominik Röser,et al.  Natural drying treatments during seasonal storage of wood for bioenergy in different European locations , 2011 .

[37]  A. Aden,et al.  Thermochemical Ethanol via Indirect Gasification and Mixed Alcohol Synthesis of Lignocellulosic Biomass , 2007 .

[38]  Dana Mitchell,et al.  Transpirational drying effects on energy and ash content from whole-tree chipping operations in a southern pine plantation , 2011 .

[39]  J. R. Hess,et al.  Cellulosic biomass feedstocks and logistics for ethanol production , 2007 .

[40]  Patrick Hiesl,et al.  Applicability of International Harvesting Equipment Productivity Studies in Maine, USA: A Literature Review , 2013 .

[41]  L. A. Kszos,et al.  Development of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) as a bioenergy feedstock in the United States. , 2005 .

[42]  D. V. Reddy,et al.  Precision animal nutrition: a tool for economic and eco-friendly animal production in ruminants. , 2009 .

[43]  W. S. Fuller.  Chip pile storage - a review of practices to avoid deterioration and economic losses , 1985 .

[44]  W. Dale Greene,et al.  In-wood grinding and screening of forest residues for biomass feedstock applications. , 2013 .

[45]  Dan Boström,et al.  Influence of sand contamination on slag formation during combustion of wood derived fuels , 2008 .

[46]  J. R. Hess,et al.  Process Design and Economics for Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol , 2011 .

[47]  Rahul Singh,et al.  Identification of DypB from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 as a lignin peroxidase. , 2011, Biochemistry.

[48]  Robert D. Perlack,et al.  Price Projections of Feedstocks for Biofuels and Biopower in the U.S. , 2012 .

[49]  David J. Muth,et al.  Landscape management for sustainable supplies of bioenergy feedstock and enhanced soil quality , 2012 .

[50]  S. Mani,et al.  Drying characteristics of pine forest residues , 2009, BioResources.

[51]  K. Khilar,et al.  Influence of mineral matter on biomass pyrolysis characteristics , 1995 .

[52]  H. Christopher Frey,et al.  Coal blending optimization under uncertainty , 1995 .

[53]  J. Werther,et al.  Combustion of agricultural residues , 2000 .

[54]  Matthew J. Darr,et al.  Biomass storage: an update on industrial solutions for baled biomass feedstocks , 2012 .

[55]  R. Sunkar,et al.  Drought and Salt Tolerance in Plants , 2005 .