Computer says "No": The Case Against Empathetic Conversational AI

Emotions are an integral part of human cogni-tion and they guide not only our understanding of the world but also our actions within it. As such, whether we soothe or flame an emotion is not inconsequential. Recent work in conversational AI has focused on responding empathetically to users, validating and soothing their emotions without a real basis. This AI-aided emotional regulation can have negative consequences for users and society, tending towards a one-noted happiness defined as only the absence of "negative" emotions. We argue that we must carefully consider whether and how to respond to users’ emotions.

[1]  David Jurgens,et al.  A Critical Reflection and Forward Perspective on Empathy and Natural Language Processing , 2022, EMNLP.

[2]  Emily Mcrae The Case for Rage: Why Anger is Essential to Anti-Racist Struggle , 2022, The Philosophical Quarterly.

[3]  Daisuke Kawahara,et al.  Building a Dialogue Corpus Annotated with Expressed and Experienced Emotions , 2022, ACL.

[4]  P. Pu,et al.  A Taxonomy of Empathetic Questions in Social Dialogs , 2022, ACL.

[5]  Hongbin Wang,et al.  Multi-Party Empathetic Dialogue Generation: A New Task for Dialog Systems , 2022, ACL.

[6]  Laura Silva The Epistemic Role of Outlaw Emotions , 2021, Ergo an Open Access Journal of Philosophy.

[7]  Shannon L. Spruit,et al.  Anticipating Safety Issues in E2E Conversational AI: Framework and Tooling , 2021, ArXiv.

[8]  Carissa Véliz,et al.  Moral zombies: why algorithms are not moral agents , 2021, AI & SOCIETY.

[9]  Emily M. Bender,et al.  Climbing towards NLU: On Meaning, Form, and Understanding in the Age of Data , 2020, ACL.

[10]  Michele Farisco,et al.  Anthropomorphism in AI , 2020, AJOB neuroscience.

[11]  Fritz Breithaupt,et al.  The Dark Sides of Empathy , 2019 .

[12]  Daniel Jerónimo Tobón Empathy and Sympathy: Two Contemporary Models of Character Engagement , 2019, The Palgrave Handbook of the Philosophy of Film and Motion Pictures.

[13]  S. Shackford,et al.  Against empathy: The case for rational compassion. , 2018, The journal of trauma and acute care surgery.

[14]  L. F. Barrett How Emotions Are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain , 2017 .

[15]  Stefano Ferilli,et al.  Simulating empathic behavior in a social assistive robot , 2017, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[16]  M. Brady Emotional Insight: The Epistemic Role of Emotional Experience , 2013 .

[17]  Macalester Bell Hard Feelings: The Moral Psychology of Contempt , 2013 .

[18]  C.D. Martin,et al.  The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television and New Media Like Real People and Places [Book Review] , 1997, IEEE Spectrum.

[19]  Patricia Greenspan,et al.  Practical Guilt: Moral Dilemmas, Emotions, and Social Norms. , 1995 .